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Unit 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common ca in women

A

breast

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2
Q

et of breast ca

A

mutation of gene rt cell prolif

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3
Q

risk fact for breast ca 4

A

aging
genetic predispostion
inhereted gene def
hormones

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4
Q

how is aging a risk for breast ca

A

inc risk in older women rt to cumulativie exposure

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5
Q

how is genetic predisp a risk for breast ca

A

pt has inc susceptibility to risks, no identifiable gene

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6
Q

how many women does inherited gene def affect

A

5-10 out of every 100

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7
Q

what percent of the 5-10 out of every 100 women have an inherited gene that they pass onto offspring

A

75

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8
Q

what are the 2 inhereited gene defs in brst ca

A

brca1 on chr 17

brca2 on chr 13

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9
Q

what type of genes are brca1 and 2

A

tumor supressing genes

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10
Q

how do brca1 and 2 pass onto offpsring

A

autosomal dominatn

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11
Q

what hormone issue is the most important when looking at breast ca risks

A

excessive in the absense of P after menopause

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12
Q

when is E given to women without P

A

after menopause, normally given to tx the sudden drop in E prod by ovary to dec SEs of women

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13
Q

which conditions may lead to prolonged E exposure in women

A

early menarche, late menopause

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14
Q

how is early menarche determiend

A

based on population norms

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15
Q

what other ‘condition’ may lead to inc E exposure lt inc bc risk

A

nulliparity

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16
Q

why is nulliparity a risk for bc

A

uninterupted and repeated meneses means continuous E prod

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17
Q

what things break the E cycle

A

pregnancy
lactation
bc pill

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18
Q

where does 48% of bc occcur

A

near tail of spenec in outter upper q of breast

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19
Q

after tail of spence, in what areas does bc have inc incidence in

A

areola, UIQ, LOQ, ILQ

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20
Q

2 main types of bc

A

ductal carcinoma in situ

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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21
Q

what type of cells are involved in ductal carcinoma in situ

A

inc in epith cells

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22
Q

“in situ” when speaking about ductal carcinomas

A

restricted, remains in site of origin, non invasive, good prognosis

23
Q

what fraction of all bc does ductal carcinoma in situ make up

24
Q

site of orgin of ductal carcinoma in situ

A

intraductal

25
stage O in ductal carcinoma in situ
early stage that can progress to infiltrating ductal carcinoma if left untx
26
where does infiltrating ductal carcinoma arise from
alone or from ductal carcinoma in situ
27
what percent of bc does infiltrating ductal carcinoma make up
75%
28
origin of infiltrating ductal carcionma
ductal origin
29
what type of mass is in infiltrating ductal carcinoma
solid, irregular mass
30
what are the 2 types of mets that arise from infiltrating ductal carcinoma
proximal | distal
31
proximal mets in infiltrating ductal carcinoma
spreads short distance, axilla via lymph v
32
distal mets in infiltrating dutal carcinoma
liver, bone, brain, via blood
33
what does infiltrating ductal carcinoma do to breast tissue
destroys it
34
what percent of bc is identified by pt
60-75%
35
what mass is usually identifed by the pt
unilateral, immobile, hard, painless mass usually in uoq
36
late mnfts of breast ca
nipple discharge and retraction | breast edema
37
dx bc
px hx | mammography
38
mammography
xray that can detect early tumors
39
issues with mammograms
may have false + or - | limitations of age and freq of exams
40
what happens if a mammogram is positiveee
biopsy to determine if its malignant or benign | remove mass
41
what cell receptors do they look at in cell biopsys from bc
E and P
42
what does the number of E and P receptors on a cell determine
how dependent a cell is on E and P
43
why is e and p dependency helpful
we want to know what these malignant cells are receptive to
44
tx for bc
``` combo H therapy with combo sx radition chemo ```
45
when do we use H thearpy to tx bc
if e and p receptor levels are inc on cell
46
if E > P in cell r eceptors, what tx do we use
anti estrogen inc dose of E without any P androgens
47
eg of an antiestrogen
tamoxefin
48
why will inc an E dose without P tx E>P breast ca
inc E will down regulate the number of receptors for that H. Inc e -> damage to receptors killing them
49
if P>E what tx do we use
progestins
50
3 sx used in bc
lumpetctomy qaudrectomy mastectomy
51
where do we radiate in bc
breast and axilla
52
when do we use chemo in breast ca
pre and post sx, circumstantially
53
what is prognosis of bc bsaed on
node involvement. a whole infected breast has better prognosis then a bit of breast and some lymph node

PAtho (31 decks)

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