Self Study 1 Flashcards
what is the annual incidence of colorectal CA in canada?
20800 cases
how many deaths are dt colorectal CA in can
8700
what is to be said about colorectal CA rates in can
they are decreasing
what is the Et of colorectal CA
idiopathic
what is the relationship between colorectal CA and age
inc incidence with age, 90% cases occur in pts >50yo
what family hx puts you at inc risk for colorectal CA
CA, ulcerative colitis, chrons disease, adenomatous polyps of the colon
what diet mods put you at risk for colorectal CA
inc fat and refined sugar intake
why does fat ingestion put you at risk for colorectal CA
inc fat -> inc bile sec -> bile may be converted to carcinogens by GI flora
why does sugar ingestion put you at risk for colorectal CA
increases prolif of GI flora
what diet mods can prevent colorectal CA
fiber intake, vit, A C E intake
why does fibre help prevent colorectal CA
inc stool bulk there fore -> dec accum of GI flora
why do vit’s A C and E prevent colorectal CA
they are free radical scavengers, dec free radicals in colon
why may aspirin protect the GI from colorectal CA
dt its influence in prostaglandin synth which may involve cell signalling that affects tumor growth
what does aspirin inhibt in colorectal CA
ez req to create prostaglandins
mnfts of colorectal CA
bleeding, change in bowel habits, diarhea, constipation, urgency
stage 1 colorectal CA
limited to invasion of mucosa + submucosa of colon
90-100% chance 5yr survival rate
stage 2 colorectal CA
infiltrates into but not throughout muscularis externa, 5yr survival of 80%
stage 3 colorectal CA
invasion of serosal layer + regional lymph node involvement, 5yr survival of 30%
stage 4 colorectal CA
metastic tumors penetrate serosa and adjacent organs
poor prognosis
5 screening tests used for colorectal CA
digital rectal exam FOB x ray w/ barium enema sigmoidoscopy colonoscopy
digital rectal exam in colorectal CA
detecting neoplasms in rectum
FOB in colorectal CA
recomened to have done every 1-2 yrs if >50yo
what happens if FOB test is positive in colorectal CA
x ray with barium enema for imaging
sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy colorectal CA
exam of rectum and sigmoid colon with hollow lighted tube. detects 40% of CA and polyps
colonoscopy colorectal CA
exam of entire bowel. screening, biopsy, polyp removal
tx for colorectal CA
sx and removal
MAYBE pre op radiation in early cases with inc 5 yr survival rate
