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PAtho > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

cleft lift

A

incomplete fusion of maxillary/nasal strs

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2
Q

when in gestation does cleft lip occur

A

wk 5-8

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3
Q

et of cleft lip

A

congenital dt teratogen

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4
Q

how is cleft lip described

A

indent, fissure, uni or bilateral

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5
Q

incidence of cleft lip

A

1-700 life births

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6
Q

what teratogens may cause cleft lip

A

smoking
viral infc
folic acid def

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7
Q

cleft palate

A

incomplete fusion of palatine str

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8
Q

when in gestation does cleft palate occur

A

wk 9-12

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9
Q

what str is malformed in cleft palate

A

nasal str

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10
Q

occurance of cleft palate

A

1-2000

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11
Q

predispostions for cleft palate

A

smoking

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12
Q

tx for cleft palate

A

sx or graft

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13
Q

major issues with cleft palate

A

speech

breathing

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14
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

muslce hypertrophy and constriction at pyloric sphincter

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15
Q

what is obstructed with the constriction of the pyloric sphincter

A

entrance to duodenum

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16
Q

incidence of pyloric stenosis

A

1 in 1000 births

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17
Q

when does pyloric stenosis occur

A

2-8 weeks old NOT CONGENITAL

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18
Q

whats the ratio of males to females with pyloric stenosis

A

4:1

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19
Q

et of pyloric stenosis

A

idipathic

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20
Q

what 3 conditions are linked to pyloric stenosis

A

hypergastrinemia
PGE (prostaglandin E)
erythromycin exposure

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21
Q

which babies have inc incidence of PGE

A

babies with HF

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22
Q

patho of pyloric stenosis

A

hypertrophy -> constr -> inflm -> obstr

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23
Q

mnfts of pyloric stenosis

A

projectile vomitting
dehydration
malnourishment

24
Q

dx of pyloric stenosis

A

Hx, Px
US
URQ palpation

25
Q

what will an US in a babe with pyloric stenosis show

A

pyloric reigon enlargement

26
Q

tx for pyloric stenosis

A

sx to remove excess m

27
Q

when is there in a inc in gastroesophageal reflux

A

first 3m of life

28
Q

et of gastroesophageal reflux

A

neuromuscular issue dt functional sphincter problem

29
Q

what is happening with the distal esophageal sphincter in gastroesophageal reflux

A

incompetent and allows reflux

30
Q

what sphincter is affected in gastroesophageal reflux

A

distal esophageal sphincter

31
Q

how does esophagitis occur in gastroesophageal reflux

A

gi content enters esphogous causing inflm

32
Q

what is the course of gastroesophageal reflux

A

self limiting within a year

33
Q

tx for GE reflux

A

symptomatic tx
H2Ra, PPI
modify teaching
sev case: fundoplication

34
Q

what teaching is modified for teaching about GE reflux

A

small meals
thicken feed
positioning

35
Q

which babies have inc incidence of Hirschsprung disease

A

inc in male babies

36
Q

incidence of hirschspruing disese HD

A

1 in 5000 births

37
Q

et of HD

A

congenital/genetic

38
Q

what gene mutates in HD

A

Ret proto onco gene (RET)

39
Q

what chr is the RET gene on

A

10

40
Q

what happens if RET gene is absent

A

problems signalling between cells, absence of PNS tissue, ganglia in colon

41
Q

what happens in HD

A

absence of PNS tissue in ganglia resulting in localized area of colon with dec peristalsis

42
Q

where is there abdm distention in HD

A

area BEFORE the spot in the colon with no PNS

43
Q

tx of HD

A

sx to remove aganglionic segment of PNS

44
Q

intussception

A

part of intestine invaginates into another part

45
Q

where does intussception normally occur

A

at iliocelcal clave

46
Q

why does intussception occur at the iliocecal valve

A

the smaller ilium is able to move into the larger cecum

47
Q

incidence of intussception

A

1-4 in 1000

48
Q

what does invagination lead to

A

obstr of lumen

49
Q

what happens when the lumen is obstr

A

inflm -> edema into lumen

50
Q

what happens when there is inc edema in lumen in intussception

A

inc intraluminal P -> ischemia -> necrosis, perf, peritonitis

51
Q

why does ischemia occur when there is inc intraluminal P

A

the intraluminal P is > then the venous P causing stasis, no arterial blood moving in, necrosis

52
Q

tx of intussusception

A

hydrostatic reduction

53
Q

hydrostatic reduction

A

use of water soluble contrast medium and air P to gently dec intussusception with an endoscope

54
Q

when DONT you use sx in intussusception

A

obstr/perf

55
Q

when cant you use hydrostatic reduction for intussusception

A

if perforation is suspected

PAtho (31 decks)

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