Unit 17 Flashcards
what percent of pts with ovarian ca have mets at dx
75 percent
what does the malignancy mimick in ovo ca
action of normal ovary
which cancer is the most lethal reprod ca
ovarian
et of ovarian ca
gene mutation
4 risks of ovarian ca
ageing
autosomal dominant inherited forms
family hx
other
aging as a risk fator
inc in ages 65-84 yo. inc ovulatory age -> inc risk dt exposure
what other reasons are risks for bc
nulliparity
infertility
dysmennorhea
what 3 areas does OC arise
epithelial (90)
germ cell
stromal tumour
what strs does OC affect via extension and invasion
tubes
uterus
ligaments,
other ovary v
what strs does OC affect bia seeding
bowel, mesentary, liver, peritoneum
late mnfts of OC
abdm distention related to inc size of tumor causing p on other strs
papillation
tiny tumors inside/on ovary with different shapes and sizes (primary ovary tumors)
early mnfts of OC
none
what non spec GI mnfts may occur in OC
flatulence, GI discomofrt, abdm distention
what GU mnfts mah occur in OC
pain, urinary or bowel bobstr
what mnfts of OC may affect the abdm cavity
ascites and dyspnea
what mnft may lead to US and exploratory sx
pelvic mass
tx for OC
aggressive tx. combo of sx and chemo
when is a lapratomy done in OC
6-24m
what is the most common reprod ca in women
uterine ca
when does UC peak
55-65 yo
Et for uc
hyperestroginsm
family hx
some cases may be E independent
risks for uc 7
obesity age excessive pelvic radiation hx or family hx of a reprod ca DM htn inc e with dec P
why is obesity a risk factor for uc
adipose tissue retains and produces E
what type of carcinoma is usually in UC
adenocarcinoma
patho of UC
normal hyperplasia -> inc E -> dysplasia ->ana plasia
2 types of UC
type 1 and type 2
what percent of UC is type 1 UC
90
Which type of UC is E dependent/sensitive
type 1
which type of UC has good prognosis
type 1
in which UC does endometrial hyperplasia ocur
type 1
what percent of cases are type 2 UC
10 percent
what is type 2 uc associated with
atrophy of endometrium
which type of UC has poorer prognosis
2
what type of progresion does UC have
slow
where does UC extend to
myometrium, vagina
how does UC met (late)
lymph and blood
mfnts of UC
endometrial bleeding inbetween periods and prolonged. mnfts rt spread
tx of UC
based on stage
sx c radiation
what percent of cervical ca is avoidable
100
what percent of cervical ca is curable in situ
100
how long is the preca stage of cervical ca
2 years
risks of CCA
HPV
smoking
hx of stds
how many strains of hpv are there? what percent of them are sexually transmitted
100
40
what strains of HPV are most concerning
6,11,16,18
what do hpv strains 6/11 cause
90% genital warts
what do hpv strains 16/18 cause
70% cervical ca
who has increased risk of sexual transmissin of hpv strains 6,11,16,18
early aged sex and numerous partners
origin of CCA
squamous cell
how does cca originate
as dysplasia (preca lesion)
what is it called when cca moves into the epith layer
carcinoma in situ
what is it called when cca moves into deeper layers
invasive ca
characteristics of invasive cca spread
spreads in and out in a cone shape
pap smear
slough off of exfoliating cells that are stained and look for dysplasia
what do positive pap smears have
a CIN and a number
what does CIN stand for
cervical intraepitheal neoplasia
CIN1
mikd dysplasia pre ca
cin2
mod dysplasia pre ca
cin 3
sev dysplasia and carcinoma in siut
how does cca met
via lymph
what do you do if your pap is positive
repeat test
dx for cca
pap
coloscopy
mfnts of cca
vaginal dc and bleeding bet menses
mettorrhagia
inc freq and lenghth of menses
late sign: pain
tx of cca (early)
excision
tx of cca (late)
excision and radiation
radical hysterectomh
types of excsion for cca
crytosx
conization
laser
crytosx
induce cell necrosis via freezing
conization sx
remove cone shaped piece
laser sx
necrosis via heat
