Unit 7 Flashcards
An outlook on life, or worldview, or “lens” through which a person looks at world
ideology
Greek philosopher whose ideas heavily influenced traditional European ideas about the universe
Aristotle
Polish scientist who was the first to challenge traditional ideas about the universe; theorized a heliocentric universe
Copernicus
astronomical theory that says the sun is the center of the solar system
heliocentric
astronomical theory that says the Earth is the center of the universe
geocentric
book that outlined the Copernican hypothesis
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)
Danish; built most sophisticated observatory of his time; gathered massive amounts of astronomical data
Tyco Brahe
postulated three laws of planetary motion, all of which proved the Copernican hypothesis
Johannes Kepler
perfected the experimental method; suggested the law of inertia; used the telescope to further prove the Copernican hypothesis
Galileo Galilei
explained the law of universal gravitation; synthesized ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo; explained WHY bodies did as they did
Isaac Newton
Issac Newton’s masterpiece
Principia
philosophical movement that sought to use the methods of the Scientific Revolution to explain the social world
Enlightenment
Enlightened political theorist; said humans are born with a blank slate of a mind upon which experience acts
John Locke
most famous work by John Locke; emphasized importance of education and society in determining mental development
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
French intellectuals that spread enlightened ideas
philosophes
Frenchman who wrote The Spirit of the Laws in which he argued for separation of powers in government
Baron de Montesquieu
Baron de Montesquieu’s veiled critique of European practices
Persian Letters
most famous philosophe of the Enlightenment
Voltaire
edited work that sought to outline all known human knowledge through rational, scientifically researched articles
Encyclopedia
argued that the general will and popular sovereignty were important concepts in government
Rousseau
idea that political power is derived from the the people; the people give power to their rulers
popular sovereignty
most famous work of Rousseau
The Social Contract
artistic style of pastel colors, ornate interiors, and love themes; popularized by females during Enlightenment
rococo
enlightened Prussian monarch
Frederick the Great
enlightened Russian monarch
Catherine the Great
Austrian monarch who gained throne through Pragmatic Sanction
Maria Theresa
most enlightened Austrian monarch; freed serfs
Joseph II
