Unit 10 Flashcards
“After me, the flood.” Lost the Seven Years’ War
Louis XV
French monarch during French Revolution; he was guillotined in 1794
Louis XVI
the negative difference between what a nation accumulates in tax revenue and what it spends in any given year
annual deficit
total accumulated deficits
national debt
condition under which you pay your creditors a reduced amount or you pay them nothing at all; results in ruined credit
bankruptcy
the concept that political power is derived from the people
popular sovereignty
states that people enter into a contract with those who govern them when they elect them and that they may REVOLT if their rights are not upheld
social contract theory
outlined social contract theory in Two Treatises on Government
John Locke
Spirit of the Laws; argued for separation of powers
Baron de Montesquieu
well-educated middle class
bourgeoisie
term for pre-revolutionary France
ancien regime
corporate body comprised of the clergy
1st Estate
corporate body composed of the nobility
2nd Estate
corporate body composing 97% of French population
3rd Estate
giving 10% of income to Church
tithe
tax on salt
gabelle
body comprised of three French estates
Estates General
“notebooks” of complaints brought by delegates to Estates General
cahiers de doleances
said nobility was tiny and overprivileged and Third Estate was truly representative of French people
What is the Third Estate?
said National Assembly would not disband until they had written a constitution
Oath of the Tennis Court
prison stormed by Parisians to gain weapons
Bastille
A general fear among the peasants that the aristocracy was going to starve them out after events in Paris
Great Fear
passed by the National Assembly; promoted equality before the law, representative govt, individual freedoms
Declaration of the Rights of Man
paper money created by the National Assembly
assignats
wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790); father of modern conservatism
Edmund Burke
pamphlet that criticized the French Revolution as too radical
Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Mary Wollstonecraft
more radical members of the Jacobin Club
Mountain
more moderate members of the Jacobin Club
Girondists
political club that supported the Revolution
Jacobins
created by the Mountain faction to radicalize the Revolution
Committee of Public Safety
radical, left-wing members of the lower-class
san-culottes
leader of the Mountain faction of Jacobins; later guillotined
Robespierre
dictatorial five man council that ruled from 1797 until 1799
Directory
agreement between Napoleon and Catholic Church that re-instated Catholicism in France
Concordat of 1801
Napoleon’s blockade of European ports; the purpose was to cut the British off from European trade
continental system
Napoleon’s last-ditched effort to re-take France in spring 1815
Hundred days
final defeat of Napoleon’s forces in Belgium by the Quadruple Alliance
Waterloo
French monarchy
Bourbons
battle in which Britain’s navy crushed Napoleon’s forces and prevented an invasion of Britain
Trafalgar
built Versailles and lost money for France in the War of Spanish Succession (1713)
Louis XIV
