Unit 20 Flashcards
Czech revolt against against hard-line communist rule in 1968; crushed by Soviets
Prague Spring
Soviet crack-down on eastern Europe and Soviet society under Leonid Brezhnev
re-Stalinization
Soviet writer exiled for writing One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
Alexandr Solzhenitsyn
said the Soviets would intervene in eastern Europe to put down attempts at reform or revolution
Brezhnev Doctrine
Agents of the govt in the Soviet Union who had access to special, well-stocked stores
apparatchiki
Soviet leader from 1964 to 1982 who introduced re-Stalinization
Leonid Brezhnev
Soviet leader who came to power in 1985 and introduced reforms
Mikhail Gorbachev
“restructuring” of the Soviet economy; limited free market reforms
perestroika
“openess” or freedom of speech
glasnost
Polish pope who spoke out against communism and secretly worked for its downfall
Pope John Paul II
Polish labor union that demanded free trade unions, freedom of speech, economic reforms, release of political prisoners
Solidarity
leader of major Polish labor union; later became 1st non-communist leader of postwar Poland
Lech Walesa
Poland’s elimination of secret police, dismissal of Communist ministers, and implementation of free market reforms
“shock therapy”
1st country to dismantle “iron curtain”
Hungary
Czech intellectual who became 1st non-communist President of Czechoslovkia in postwar era
Vaclav Havel
name for the dissolution of Czech communist party; applied to most other eastern European revolutions in 1989
Velvet Revolution
Romanian communist leader who was executed in 1989 revolutions
Nicolae Ceausescu
only country in which 1989 revolutions were violent
Romania
Former Communist who embraced democracy and Russian nationalism; President of Russia after communism’s collapse
Boris Yeltsin
West German Christian Democratic leader who led German reunification
Helmut Kohl
agreement that essentially ended Cold War in 1990 and recognized existing European borders
Paris Accords
Islamic territory that seeks to break away from Russia
Chechnya
Serb leader implicated in the “ethnic cleansing” of Croats and Bosnians in 1993 Yugoslav Civil War
Slobodan Milosevic
ended Yugoslav Civil War; gave 51% of Bosnia to Bosnians and 49% to Serbs
Dayton Accords
terrorist group that seeks to separate Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom
Irish Republican Army
Basque terrorist group that seeks to separate Basque country from Spain and France
ETA
left-wing terrorist group in West Germany; sought to start communist revolution in 1970s
Baader Meinhof Gang
created the European Union and called for the creation of the Euro
Maastricht Treaty
common currency of most EU states
Euro
