Unit 11 Flashcards
time after the defeat of Napoleon when conservatives restored many of the monarchies that were overthrown during the French Revolutionary period (1789-1815)
Restoration Europe
established the conservative European diplomatic system that would dominate the Restoration period (1815-1848)
Congress of Vienna
International equilibrium of political and military power that would discourage future aggression
balance of power
French dynasty
Bourbons
weak association of German states dominated by Prussia and Austria
German Confederation
Austrian Foreign Minister whose Congress system dominated the period from 1815-1850
Prince Klemens von Metternich
political ideology that believes in maintaining status quo; it dominated the period 1815-1850
Conservatism
agreement between Prussian, Austria, and Russia that vowed to crush forces of change wherever they popped up
Holy Alliance
laws that instituted university censorship in German Confederation
Karlsbad Decrees
held in response to revolutions in Spain and Kingdom of Two Sicilies; declared intervention by conservative powers
Troppau Conference
Political ideology that believed in ideas of the EARLY French Revolution
liberalism
economic idea that government should interfere in the economy minimally
laissez faire
Idea that a group has its own identity that unites it and that should result in autonomy
nationalism
nationalism based on language, religion, history, or “race”
cultural nationalism
nationalism based on a set of common ideas
civic nationalism
19th century movement that sought to overcome income inequality by appealing to middle class and state to help poor
Utopian socialism
19th century movement that sought to overcome income inequality by fomenting revolution of poor against middle class and state
Marxian socialism
believed “parasites” (court, aristocracy) should give way to “doers” (engineers, scientists)and that all institutions should aim to help poor
Count Henri de Saint Simon
German intellectual who believed a revolution of the proletariat would overthrow exploitation by bourgeois middle class
Karl Marx
outlined dialectical materialism and called on workers of the world to unite against the middle class; published in 1848
The Communist Manifesto
term for wealthy middle class
bourgeoisie
term for working class
proletariat
19th century cultural revolt against classicism and the Enlightenment
Romanticism
leader of Greek revolt against Ottoman Turks
Alexander Ypsilanti
term to describe Ottoman Empire in 19th century
sick man of Europe
English Romantic poet who died in war for Greek independence
Lord Byron
British laws that outlawed importation of foreign grain
Corn Laws
Massive protests by urban laborers against Corn Laws; resulted in numerous deaths
Battle of Peterloo
British law that increased male suffrage and made House of Commons more powerful
Reform Bill of 1832
Demanded universal suffrage for males (1839, 1842, 1848)
Chartist Movement
Bourbon monarch restored to French throne in 1815; granted liberal constitutional charter
Louis XVIII
Bourbon monarch from 1824-1830; conservative; overthrown in 1830 Revolution
Charles X
known as “Citizen King”; reigned from 1830 to 1848
Louis Philippe
elected French president in 1848; later became Emperor Napoleon III
Louis Napoleon
placed on Austrian throne after failed Revolution of 1848 in Vienna; ruled Austria from 1848 to 1916
Franz Joseph
Prussian king during Revolution of 1848; turned down German throne because he would not accept a “crown from the gutter”
Frederick William IV
liberal body that tried to write new constitution for a united Germany in 1848; offered throne of united Germany to Prussian king, but he turned it down
Frankfurt Assembly
