Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Term 3 > Unit 6 Screening For Pulmonary Disease > Flashcards

Unit 6 Screening For Pulmonary Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are Signs and symptoms of Pulmonary Disorders?

A
  • Cough (Productive or No Productive)
  • Dyspnea
  • Cyanosis
  • Clubbing
  • Altered Breathing Patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common sites for referred pain from the pulmonary system?

A

The chest, ribs, upper trapezius, shoulder, thoracic spine

These areas are often affected due to the anatomical and physiological connections between the lungs and surrounding structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If a patient has brown phlegm, what would this indicate?

A

Chronic lung disease, cystic fibrosis or Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If a patient has charcoal/grey phlegm, what would this indicate?

A

Environmental, common in people who work in coal mines and factories or heavy smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If a patient has White phlegm, what would this indicate?

A

Allergies, asthma, or viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If a patient has Pink/Red/Bloody phlegm, what would this indicate?

A

Could be related to an infection or cancer, in some cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If a patient has Yellow/green phlegm, what would this indicate?

A

Likely related to an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

To provide oxygen to and to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from cells in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Movement of air from outside of the body to the alveoli of the lungs

Ventilation is critical for gas exchange in the respiratory system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define respiration in the context of pulmonary physiology.

A

The process of oxygen uptake and CO2 elimination between the body and the outside environment

Respiration involves both external and internal processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is essential to life regarding acid-base regulation?

A

The proper balance of acids and bases in the body

This balance is crucial for maintaining physiological functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does pH represent in body fluid?

A

The hydrogen ion concentration

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal pH range that must be maintained in extracellular fluid?

A

7.35 to 7.45

This range is critical for normal cellular functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the condition called when pH is less than 7.35?

A

Acidosis

Acidosis can disrupt various bodily functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the condition called when pH is greater than 7.45?

A

Alkalosis

Alkalosis can also lead to physiological disturbances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What pH value range indicates that life cannot be sustained?

A

Less than 7.0 or greater than 7.8

Extreme pH levels can lead to severe health issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

A condition that decreases pulmonary ventilation, leading to increased retention of CO2, hydrogen, and carbonic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to circulating hydrogen levels in respiratory acidosis?

A

They increase due to decreased pulmonary ventilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List two conditions that can lead to respiratory acidosis.

A
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are clinical signs of Respiratory Acidosis?

A
  • Decreased Ventilation
  • Confusion
  • Sleepiness and Unconsciousness
  • Diaphoresis
  • Shallow, rapid breathing
  • Restlessness
  • Cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What condition is characterized by an increased respiratory rate and depth leading to decreased CO2 and hydrogen?

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

This condition results in an increased pH, or alkalosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to CO2 and hydrogen levels in respiratory alkalosis?

A

They are eliminated from the body too quickly, decreasing their availability to buffer the alkaline environment.

This contributes to the condition of alkalosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name three conditions that can lead to respiratory alkalosis.

A
  • Anxiety
  • Pain
  • Cerebral trauma or lesions

These conditions can trigger an increased respiratory rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a common clinical sign of respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • Hyperventilation
  • Light-headedness
  • Dizziness
  • Numbness and tingling of the face, fingers, and toes
  • Syncope (fainting)

These symptoms result from the effects of decreased CO2 levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are different disorders/disease that can occur in the Pleura?

A
  • Pleuritis
  • Pneumothorax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are different disorders/disease that can occur in the Airways?

(Bronchus, Bronchi, Bronchioles)

A
  • COPD
    –Asthma
    –Bronchitis (acute or chronic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are different disorders/disease that can occur in the Alveoli?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Emphysema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are different areas that Lung Cancer can occur?

A
  • Lining of the bronchi
  • Outside areas of the lungs (Mucous glands)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are different disorders/disease that can occur in the Vessels?

A
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Pulmonary Hypertension
    –Leads to Cor Pulmonale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is pleural pain?

A

Sharp pain caused by friction between pleural surfaces or intercostal muscle spasm due to stretching of the parietal pleura

Pleural pain is often associated with respiratory movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the causes of pleural pain?

A
  • Pleurisy (infection/injury)
  • Pneumonia
  • Tumor
  • Pneumothorax

Each cause can lead to inflammation or irritation of the pleura, contributing to pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is Pneumothorax?

A

A collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity

There is typically change in respiratory movement on the affected side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a common Sx with Pneumothorax?

A

Dyspnea

Shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What type of pain is associated with Pneumothorax?

Where can Pain refer?

A
  • Sudden, sharp chest pain

Can refer pain to the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Using the Picture, what Pulmonary Disease is associated with these pain patterns?

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are some Cardiovascualr Signs of Pneuomothorax?

A
  • Weak and Rapid Pulse
  • Fall in Blood Pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What type of cough is associated with Pneumothorax?

A
  • Dry and hacking cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What position is typically comfortable for those patients with Pneumothorax?

A
  • Sitting upright is most comfortable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the symptoms of acute bronchitis?

A
  • Mild fever from 1 to 3 days
  • Malaise
  • Back and muscle pain
  • Sore throat
  • Cough with sputum production, followed by wheezing
  • Possibly laryngitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What characterizes chronic bronchitis?

A
  • Persistent cough with sputum production (worse in the morning and evening than midday)
  • Reduced chest expansion
  • Wheezing
  • Fever
  • Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
  • Cyanosis (blue discoloration of skin and mucous membranes)
  • Decreased exercise tolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How is chronic bronchitis defined?

A

Coughing for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years without having had a precipitating disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the characteristics of a normal bronchus?

A

Healthy bronchioles accommodate a constant flow of air when open and relaxed.

Normal bronchus has a mucous membrane that appears healthy and unobstructed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is bronchospasm?

A

Narrowing of the airway caused by contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchus.

Bronchospasm is a key feature in asthma that leads to difficulty in breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What happens to the airway tissue during asthma?

A

The airway tissue swells, leading to edema of the mucous membrane.

This swelling further narrows the airways, exacerbating breathing difficulties.

45
Q

What is the effect of mucus production in asthma?

A

Mucus is produced, further compromising airflow.

Increased mucus can obstruct the airways and worsen asthma symptoms.

46
Q

What are common respiratory infections that may trigger asthma?

A

Colds

Respiratory infections can exacerbate asthma symptoms.

47
Q

What type of smoke is known to trigger asthma?

A

Cigarette smoke

Exposure to cigarette smoke can increase asthma attacks.

48
Q

Name three allergens that can trigger asthma.

A
  • Pollen
  • Mold
  • Animal dander

Allergic reactions to these substances can provoke asthma symptoms.

49
Q

What are some examples of air pollutants that may trigger asthma?

A
  • Indoor air pollutants
  • Outdoor air pollutants
  • Ozone

Pollutants in the air can irritate the respiratory system.

50
Q

How can physical activity affect asthma?

A

It can trigger asthma symptoms

Vigorous exercise may lead to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

51
Q

What environmental condition may trigger asthma due to temperature?

A

Exposure to cold air or sudden temperature change

Sudden changes in temperature can lead to asthma attacks.

52
Q

True or False: Strong emotions can trigger asthma.

A

True

Excitement or strong emotional stress can provoke asthma symptoms.

53
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

An inflammation of the lungs

54
Q

What are the three main causes of pneumonia?

A
  • Aspiration of food, fluids, or vomitus
  • Inhalation of toxic or caustic chemicals, smoke, dust, or gases
  • Bacterial, viral, or mycoplasmal infection
55
Q

What is a common symptom of pneumonia related to chest pain?

A

Sudden and sharp pleuritic chest pain aggravated by chest movement

56
Q

Which type of cough is associated with pneumonia?

A

Hacking, productive cough with rust-colored or green, purulent sputum

57
Q

What respiratory symptoms are commonly seen in pneumonia?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachypnea with decreased chest excursion on the affected side
58
Q

What symptom indicates a lack of oxygen in pneumonia patients?

A

Cyanosis

59
Q

Which systemic symptoms are associated with pneumonia?

A
  • Headache
  • Fever and chills
  • Generalized aches and myalgia
60
Q

What additional symptoms may occur in the knees due to pneumonia?

A

Knees may be painful and swollen

61
Q

What general feeling may accompany pneumonia?

A

Fatigue

62
Q

How can pneumonia affect older adults or those with dementia?

A

Confusion or increased confusion in clients with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease

63
Q

What is a common viral cause of pneumonia that is known to infect humans?

A

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)

HMPV is associated with respiratory infections, especially in children and the elderly.

64
Q

Which virus, often responsible for croup and bronchitis, can also lead to pneumonia?

A

Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV)

HPIV is a group of viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses of varying severity.

65
Q

What is the common name for the illness caused by the Influenza virus?

A

Flu

Influenza can lead to severe respiratory complications, including pneumonia.

66
Q

Which virus, first identified in late 2019, is a known cause of pneumonia?

A

COVID-19 - Corona Virus

COVID-19 can cause severe respiratory symptoms and pneumonia in infected individuals.

67
Q

What type of bacteria is responsible for Pneumococcal Disease?

A

Pneumococcal bacteria

This type of bacteria is a common cause of pneumonia and other serious infections.

68
Q

Which type of pneumonia is caused by a fungus?

A

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

This type of pneumonia is particularly common in immunocompromised individuals.

69
Q

What is a common viral infection that can lead to respiratory issues, including pneumonia?

A

Rhinovirus Infection

Rhinovirus is a primary cause of the common cold and can exacerbate respiratory conditions.

70
Q

What is emphysema?

A

A condition where the alveolar walls are destroyed, leading to permanent overdistention of air space and loss of normal elastic tension in lung tissue.

Emphysema often develops after a long history of chronic bronchitis.

71
Q

What is a common clinical sign of emphysema?

A

Dyspnea on exertion, progressing to dyspnea at rest.

Dyspnea refers to difficulty in breathing.

72
Q

What physical changes may occur in a person with emphysema?

A

Hypertrophy of respiratory accessory muscles and barrel chest.

Barrel chest is a condition where the chest appears rounded and bulging.

73
Q

What is a common clinical sign of pulmonary embolism related to breathing difficulty?

A

Dyspnea

Dyspnea is the medical term for shortness of breath.

74
Q

What type of chest pain is associated with pulmonary embolism?

A

Pleuritic (sharp, localized) chest pain

Pleuritic pain is often exacerbated by deep breathing or coughing.

75
Q

What symptom may present as a general feeling of discomfort in the chest area during pulmonary embolism?

A

Diffuse chest discomfort

This can vary in intensity and may not be localized.

76
Q

With Pulmonary Emolism, what symptom involves the expulsion of blood in sputum?

A

Hemoptysis

Hemoptysis refers to coughing up blood or blood-stained mucus.

77
Q

What psychological symptoms might a patient experience with pulmonary embolism?

A

Apprehension, anxiety, restlessness

These symptoms are often linked to the body’s response to oxygen deprivation.

78
Q

What is the term for an increased respiratory rate in pulmonary embolism?

A

Tachypnea

Tachypnea is defined as a respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute.

79
Q

What is the medical term for an increased heart rate that may occur with pulmonary embolism?

A

Tachycardia

Tachycardia is typically defined as a heart rate over 100 beats per minute.

80
Q

What symptom might indicate an infection or inflammatory response in pulmonary embolism?

A

Fever

Fever can be a sign of various underlying conditions, including infection or inflammation.

81
Q

What is pulmonary hypertension (PH)?

A

A high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs

PH can lead to serious health complications if not managed properly.

82
Q

What are common causes of pulmonary hypertension?

A
  • Infections (HIV, schistosomiasis)
  • Liver disease
  • Valvular heart disease
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPDs)
  • Blood clots in the lungs

Identifying and treating the underlying cause is crucial for management.

83
Q

What condition can result from the right ventricle being overloaded due to pulmonary hypertension?

A

Cor Pulmonale

Cor Pulmonale refers to the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle.

84
Q

What are the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension?

A
  • Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
  • Fainting (syncope)
  • Chest pain
  • Swelling in the ankles

Symptoms may initially occur during exercise and worsen over time.

85
Q

What type of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma?

A

A type of non-small cell lung cancer

Adenocarcinoma is characterized by abnormal lung cells multiplying uncontrollably.

86
Q

What happens to tumor cells in adenocarcinoma of the lung?

A

They can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body

This includes various organs and tissues.

87
Q

List four parts of the body where Adenocarcinoma can metastasize.

A
  • Lymph nodes around and between the lungs
  • Liver
  • Bones
  • Adrenal glands
  • Brain

These metastases can complicate treatment and prognosis.

88
Q

What are Clinical S/S of Lung Cancer?

A
  • Sharp chest, upper back, shoulder, scapular, rib or arm pain aggravated by inspiration or accompanied by respiratory s/s
  • Hemoptysis or sputum streaked with blood
  • Persistent cough
  • Sudden or unexplained weight loss
  • Atrophy ans weakness of the arm and hand muscles
89
Q

What age group is considered at risk for lung cancer?

A

Greater than 50 years

Age is a significant risk factor for lung cancer.

90
Q

What is the primary lifestyle risk factor associated with lung cancer?

A

Smoking or other tobacco use

Tobacco use is the leading cause of lung cancer.

91
Q

What previous medical history increases the risk of lung cancer?

A

Previous tobacco-related cancer

A history of tobacco-related cancers indicates higher risk for lung cancer.

92
Q

What type of smoke exposure is a risk factor for lung cancer?

A

Passive (environmental) smoke

Exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increases lung cancer risk.

93
Q

What dietary factors are associated with lung cancer risk?

A

Low consumption of fruits and vegetables

A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables may contribute to increased cancer risk.

94
Q

What genetic factor is a risk for lung cancer?

A

Genetic predisposition

Family history can influence the likelihood of developing lung cancer.

95
Q

What environmental exposures are linked to lung cancer risk?

A

Exposure to air pollution, toxic chemicals, fumes, radon gas

Various environmental factors can contribute to lung cancer risk.

96
Q

Name a previous lung disease that increases the risk of lung cancer.

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Other lung diseases, such as tuberculosis and pulmonary fibrosis, also increase risk.

97
Q

Guidelines for Physician Referral

What symptom indicates a need for physician referral related to respiratory disease?

A

Symptoms of respiratory disease not previously evaluated by a physician

98
Q

Guidelines for Physician Referral

What shoulder pain pattern suggests a need for referral?

A

Shoulder pain that improves by holding the breath and worsens by inhaling

99
Q

Guidelines for Physician Referral

How does shoulder pain relate to body position in terms of physician referral?

A

Shoulder pain aggravated by supine positioning; worse when lying down and improves when sitting up or leaning forward.

  • Shoulder or chest pain that subsides with autosplinting (lying on the painful side)
100
Q

Guidelines for Physician Referral

What signs during exercise may indicate a need for referral in asthma patients?

A

Signs of asthma or bronchial activity during exercise

101
Q

Guidelines for Physician Referral

What vital sign changes indicates a need for a Physician Referral?

A

Weak and rapid pulse accompanied by fall in blood pressure (Pneumothorax)

102
Q

Guidelines for Physician Referral

What associated signs and symptoms suggest a referral is necessary?

A

Persistent cough, dyspnea (rest or exertional), or constitutional symptoms

103
Q

Guidelines for Immediate Medical Attention

What indicates a need for immediate medical attention related to dyspnea?

A

Abrupt onset of dyspnea with weak and rapid pulse and fall in blood pressure

This can indicate pneumothorax, especially after a traumatic event.

104
Q

Guidelines for Immediate Medical Attention

What symptoms may suggest a serious issue after scuba diving?

A

Chest, rib, or shoulder pain with neurologic symptoms

These symptoms can occur following recent recreational or competitive scuba diving.

105
Q

Guidelines for Immediate Medical Attention

What symptoms indicate inadequate ventilation or CO2 retention?

A

Symptoms of respiratory acidosis

106
Q

Guidelines for Immediate Medical Attention

What Red-flag S/S is a call for Immediate Medical Attention?

A

Any red flag signs and symptoms in a client with a previous hx of cancer, especially lung cancer

107
Q

What are the most common pulmonary conditions?

A

COPD disorders: asthma and chronic bronchitis

COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

108
Q

How might patients in respiratory distress breathe better?

A

By seating and leaning forward rather than lying down

This position can help improve lung function.

109
Q

What is one of the largest killers in the USA related to pulmonary diseases?

A

Pneumonia

Pneumonia can lead to severe complications and is a significant health concern.

110
Q

What are some initial symptoms of pneumonia?

A

Muscle and joint aches

These symptoms may occur without classic respiratory symptoms.

Term 3 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions