Pharmacology Unit 1 Flashcards
What is Pharmacotherapeutics?
The area of pharmacology that refers to the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose a disease, this is divided into two functional areas: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
In Pharmacotherapeutics, what is the definition of Pharmacokinetics?
The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates the drug.
In Pharmacotherapeutics, what is the definition of Pharmacodynamics?
The analysis of what the drug does to the body, including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect
What is the relevance of Pharmacology in Rehabilitation?
- Drugs affect performance
- Drugs affect healing
- Drugs affect cognition
- PT’s are patient educators
- PT’s are healthcare professionals
What is the definition between Chemical name, Generic name, and Trade name? (Drug Nomenclature)
- Chemical Name: refers to the drugs chemical compound and molecular structure
- Generic Name: Scientific name
- Trade or brand name: Proprietary name
Describe the development and approval of therapeutic drugs.
- Preclinical (animal) studies: Initially laboratory tests to determine drug effects and safety, typically tested on animals (Usually takes 1-2 years)
- Clinical (Human studies):
–Phase 1- Determine effects, safe dosage, pharmacokinetics, subjects are a small number (less than 100) of healthy volunteers (Takes less than a year)
–Phase 2- Assess drug’s effectiveness in treating a specific disease/disorder, subjects are limited number of Pt. (200-300) with target disorder
(Takes 2 years)
–Phase 3- Assess safety and effectiveness in a larger patient population, subjects are larger number of Pt. (1000-3000) targeted (takes 3 years) - New Drug Application (NDA) Approval:
–Phase 4 (Post-marketing surveillance) - Monitor any problems that occur after NDA approval , subjects are the general patient population, (has indefinite time period)
What are Orphan Drugs?
The FDA also makes provisions for the development, approval, and production of drugs that treat rare diseases. These orphan drugs may be indicated for only the relatively small population with the disease- that is, fewer that 200,000 people
What is Off-Label Prescribing?
The use of a drug to treat conditions other than those that the drug was originally approved to treat
What are Controlled Substances?
Drugs designated by the federal government as having increased potential for abuse and illegal use. These substances are grouped into 5 categorize (Schedules)
What is a Schedule 1 Drug? What are some examples?
This is has the Highest potential for abuse
- Has a high Physical and Psychological effect
Ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana and methaqualone
What is a Schedule 2 Drug? What are some examples?
This has a high potential for abuse
- Has a high Physical and Psychological effect
Ex: Morphine, PCP, cocaine, methadone and methamphetamine
What is a Schedule 3 Drug? What are some examples?
This has a moderate potential for abuse
- Has a moderate Physical effect and high Psychological effect
Ex: Anabolic steroids, codeine, and hydrocodone with Aspirin or Tylenol
What are Schedule 4 Drugs? What are some examples?
This has a low potential for abuse
- Has a lower Physical and Psychological effect
Ex: Darvon, Talwin, Equanil, Valium, and Xanax
What are Schedule 5 Drugs? What are some examples?
This has a low potential for abuse
- Has a lowest Physical and Psychological effect
Ex: Over the counter cough medication with codeine
What is the Route of Administration drugs take in the body?
Drugs can be ingested oral or administered through I.V
- They are absorbed in systemic circulation
- They are distributed in the Target Tissue
- They are metabolized in the Liver
- They are Eliminated in the Kidney