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Term 3 > Pharmacology Unit 12 and 13 Endocrine Drugs > Flashcards

Pharmacology Unit 12 and 13 Endocrine Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

With Adrenocorticosteroids, what are the Indications of using Glucocorticoids?

A

These are primarily involved in the control of glucose metabolism and the bodies ability to deal with stress. Glucocortoids are also able to decresae inflammation and suppress the immune system

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2
Q

With Adrenocorticosterioids, what are the Indications of using Mineral Corticoids?

A

These are primarily involved in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. This hormone works on the kidneys to increase soidum and water reabsorption and potassium excretion

For Mineral Corticoids, there are agonist and antagonist drugs

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3
Q

Adrenocorticosteroids

What are the Adverse Effects of Glucocoticoids?

A
  • Adrenal Suppression
  • Drug-Induced Cushing Syndrome:
    -Hypertension
    -Osteoporosis
    -Glucose Intolerance
    -Roundness, puffiness in the face
  • Tissue Breakdown: Muscle, Ligament, Bone, Skin
  • Increase in blood glucose (hyperglycemia)
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4
Q

Adrenocorticosteroids

What are the Adverse Effects of Mineral Corticoids Agonist?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Peripheral Edema
  • Hypokalemia (M. weakness, cramps, spasms, fatigue, etc.)
  • Weight Gain
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5
Q

Adrenocorticosteroids

What are the Adverse Effects of Mineral Corticoids Antagonist?

A
  • Hyperkalemia (excess potassium)
  • Changes to endogenous sex hormones
  • CNS effects:
    -Drowsiness
    -Lethargy
    -Confusion
    -Headache
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6
Q

What are the Considerations for PT, when Pt are taking Adrenocorticosteroids?

A
  • PT must be careful to avoid overstressing tisses that are weakened by the prolonged systemic glucocorticoids, so gradual progression is important. Also those with osteoporosis, because it can accelerate the bone loss.
  • Assessing vitals is important due to some adverse effects are hypertension.
  • PTs should be mindful of Sx of hypokalemia, this is life-threatening if not managed.
  • We must assess blood glucose prior to exercise
  • CNS effects may place the patient as a greater risk for falls, so we must use gait belt
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7
Q

What are the Indications of Thyroid Drugs?

A

These are used to regulate thyroid hormone levels

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8
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What is the Role of Antithyroid Agents?

A

These inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis and/or block conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissue

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9
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What is the Role of Iodide?

A

These limit the uptake of iodide into thyoid follicle cell, inhibit the formation of T4 and T3, and decrease the secretion of the completed hormones from the thyroid cell

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10
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What is the Role of Radioactive Iodine?

A

These selectively destroys the thyroid follicle cells

Follicle cells are cells in the thyroid gland

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11
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What is the Role of Beta-Adrenergic Blockers?

A

These help suppress Sx such as tachycardia, palpitations, fever, and restlessness due to thyroid strom

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12
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What is the Role of Thyroid Hormones?

A

These are used to restore thyroid levels to manage hypothyroidism

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13
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Antithyroid Drugs?

A
  • Skin rash
  • Overdose: lethargy, feeling cold
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14
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Iodide?

A

Hypertensive Reaction

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15
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Radioactive Iodine?

A
  • Eye Sx (redness, inflammation, redness, bulging)
  • Beta Blockers (Hypotension)
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16
Q

Thyroid Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Throid Hormones?

A
  • Overdose
    -Nervousness, weight loss, Tachycardia, Muscle Wasting, goiter
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17
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What are the Indications for Parathyroid Drugs?

A

These are for the regulation of bone mineral hemeostasis

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18
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What is the Role of Bisphosphonates?

A

These block excessive bone resorption and formation

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19
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What is the role of Vitamine D?

A

These enhace bone formation by increasing the supply of the two primary minerals needed for bone formation (calcium and phosphate)

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20
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What is the role of Calcitonin?

A

These increase bone formation

21
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What it the role of Calcium Supplements?

A

These prevent calcium depletion and encourage bone fomation

22
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What is the Role of Estrogens?

A

These stabilize bone turnover and promote bone mineralization

23
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Bisphorphonates?

A
  • Osteonecrosis of the jaw
  • Atypical Hip Fractures
  • GI Disturbance
24
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Vitamine D?

A
  • Toxicity
    (Headaches, increased thirst, decreased appetit, hypercalcemia, etc.)
25
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Calcitonin?

A
  • GI Disturbances
  • Loss of Appetite
  • Flushing/redness in the head, hands, and feet
26
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

WHat are the Adverse Effects of Calcium Supplement Overdose?

A
  • Arterial Calcification
  • Hypercalcemia
    (Constipation, drowsiness, HA, confusion, irritability, death due to cardia/renal failure)
27
Q

Parathyroid Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Estrogen Therapy?

A
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Cancer
28
Q

What are the PT considerations for PT for those pt taking Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs?

A
  • PT should avoid using rehab techniques that may exacerbate any Sx of thyroid dysfunction. (For ex. care must be taken not to overstress the cardiovascular system of a patient with decresaed cardiac output and hypotension caused by hypothyroidism
  • Vitals are important
  • Be aware of s/s of vitamine D and calcium supplements toxicity, it can be life-threatening
  • Bisphosphonates can result in hip fractures in certain individuals, its important to exercise safety to prevent falls
29
Q

What are the Indications of Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?

A

These help to regulate blood sugar levels

30
Q

DM Drugs

What is the Role of Exogenous Insulin?

A

These are administered to replace normal pancreatic hormone production with patients with Type 1 DM and some patients with Type 2 DM. There are different types: Rapid acting, short acting, intermediate acting, and mixtures

31
Q

DM Drugs

What is the Role of Sulfonylureas?

A

These stimulate the release of insulin by the pancrease

32
Q

DM Drugs

What is the Role of Meglitinides?

A

These increase the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells

33
Q

DM Drugs

What is the Role of Incretin-Based Therapies?

A

These mimic or prolong the effects of GLP-1, and endogenous peptide that enhances the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells and generally increase the size and function of these cells

34
Q

DM Drugs

What is the role of Biguanides (Metformin)?

A

These decrease glucose production and increase sensitivity of muscle to insulin

35
Q

DM Drugs

What is the Role of Thiazolidinediones?

A

These decrease glucose production and increase sensitivity of muscle to insulin

36
Q

DM Drugs

What is the Role of Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors?

A

These inhibit sugar breakdown in the intestines and delay glucose absorption from the GI tract

37
Q

DM Drugs

What is the Role of Amylin Analogs?

A

These limit the rise in blood glucose that occurs after eating by suppressing glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying and promoting feeling of satiety

38
Q

DM Drugs

What is the Role of Bile Acid Sequestrants?

A

These bind to bile and glucose in the GI tract, thus limiting glucose absorption and reducing hyperglycemia after eating

39
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Exogenous Insulin?

A

Hypoglycemia
-HA, hunger, tachycardia
-Loss of consciousness, convulsions, death

40
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Sulfonylureas?

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Dizziness
  • Heartburn
  • HA
  • Hematologic abnormalities
41
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Meglitinides?

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Upper respiratory tract infections
  • Joint and Back pain
  • Bronchitis
42
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies?

A
  • Mild Hypoglycemia
  • Pancreatitis
  • GI issues such as nausea, vomiting and Diarrhea
43
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Biguanides (Metformin)?

A
  • GI disturbances
  • Lactic Acidosis (Severe/Fatal)
44
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Thiazolidinediones?

A
  • HA
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue/weakness
  • Back pain
  • Hepatic toxicity (rare)
45
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitiors?

A

GI disturbances

46
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Amylin Analongs?

A
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Hypoglycemia
47
Q

DM Drugs

What are the Adverse Effects of Bile and Acid Sequestrants?

A
  • Upset GI
  • Constipation
48
Q

DM Drugs

What are the PT considerations for patients who take treatment for Diabetes Mellitus?

A
  • PTs must inquire about/assess blood glucose due to potential hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia episodes
  • Its important to DD because some meds mimic MSK problems, such as joint and back pain
  • Fatigue and weakness can be a side effect of certain drugs to address DM, so caution should be taken to prevent falls

Term 3 (50 decks)

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