Unit 12 Immune Screening Flashcards
What are S/S of Immune Disease?
- Stiffness of Joint, such RA
- Arthropathies (RA) and spondyloarthropathies
- Swelling: arthritis, tenosynovitis, lymphenema
- Generalized weakness, fatigue and sleep distrubances
- Nail bed Changes
What are 4 different Immune System Pathologies?
- Immunodeficiency Disorder: the immune system is underactive or hypoactive
- Hypersensitivity Disorder: an overactive or overzealous response is harmful
- Autoimmune Disorders: body attacts itself
- Autoimmune-Mediated Neurologic Disorders: body attacks your own neurologic system
What is an example of an Immunodeficiency Disorder?
Acquired Immunodeficinecy Syndrome (AIDS) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
What are 4 Hypersensitivity Disorders?
- Type 1: Anaphylactic Hypersensitivity (“Allergies”)
- Type 2 Hypersensitivity (Cytolytic or cytotoxic)
- Type 3 Hypesensitivity (Immune complex)
- Type 4 Hypersensitivity (Cell-mediated or delayed)
What are 5 different Autoimmune Disorders?
- Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)
- RA
- Systemic Lupis Erythematosus
- Spondyloarthropathy (Ankylosing Spondylitis)
- Lyme Disease
What are 4 different Autoimmune-Mediated Neurologic Disorders?
- MS
- GBS
- Myasthenia Gravis
- ALS
Immunodeficiency Disorder
Why population of people are more vulnerable to AIDS?
What is a major cause of mobidity and mortality in AIDS?
- People who are HIV infected are vulnerable to serious illness called opportunistic infections or diseases
- Pneumocystic Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) is a major cause of Mobidity and mortality within the AIDS population
What are Risk Factors for AIDS?
- Commercial sex workers and their clients; men having sex with men
- Injection drug users
- People with STDs
This image is associated with what disorder?
AIDS (Advanced)
- Specifically Kaposi’s Sarcoma
With AIDS, what are Clinical S/S of Advanced Symptomatic HIV Infection?
- Opportunistic Disease (Tuberculosis, Pneumocystis Crinii Pneumonia)
- Muscle Atrophy and weakness, back pain
- Distal symmetric polyneuropathy
With AIDS, what are the Clinical S/S of HIV Neurologic Disease?
- Motor dysfunction (balance and coordination)
- Gradual Weakness of extremities
- Numbness and tingling (peripheral neuropathy)
- Radiculopathy
Hypersensititivity Disorders
With Type 1 Hypersensitivity, what happens when you have an allergy?
The body fights the invaders by producing the special antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE) in excess.
Hypersensititivity Disorders
With Type 1 Hypersensitivity, what are the S/S of an allergy?
- Runny and stuffy nose
- Wheezing
- SOB
- Cough
- Rashes
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
Hypersensititivity Disorders
With Type 1 Hypersensitivity, what is Anaphylaxis?
A severe allergic reaction which causes the body producing excessive histamine, which dilates small blood vessels and causes them to leak, resulting in swelling in areas such as the lungs - leading to breathing problems
Autoimmune disorders
What is Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)?
A noninflammatory condition appearing with generalized MSK pain in conjunction with tenderness to touch in a large number of specific areas of the body
- Anatomic locations of tender points is a key feature for FMS
- However a diagnostic critera use pain being widespread and accompanied by Sx such as sleep problems and problems thinking clearly and fatigue, instead of tender points
Autoimmune Disorders
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
A chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder of unknown cause that can affect various organs by predominantly involves the synovial tissues of the diarthroidal joints
What are the Main Sx of RA?
Swelling in one or more joints
Early morning stiffness
Recurring pain or tenderness in any joint
Inability to move a joint normally
Obvious redness and warmth in a joint
Unexplainable weight loss, fever, or weakness combined with joint pain
Symptom such as these that last for more than 2 weeks
“SERIOUS”
Autoimmune Disorder
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
A chronic disease that causes inflammation in connective tissues such as cartilage and the lining of blood vessels, which provides strength and flexibility to structures throughout the body
What are some Triggers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
- Infection
- Anti-biotic
- Exposure to sun
- Extreme physical and emotional stress (Pregnancy)
Autoimmune Disorder
What is Spondyloarthropathy?
This represents a group of noninfectious, inflammatory and erosive rheumatic disease that target SI joints
- The most common disease is this category is the Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
- AS also affects other joints such as hips, knees, and shoulder along with fever, fatigue, loss of appetite and redness and pain in the eyes
Autoimmune Disorders
What is Lyme Disease?
This is caused by bacterium borrelia burgdorferi and is trasmitted to humans through the bit of an infected black-legged deer tick. It is the most common tickborn infectious disease in the US.
What are the Clinical Sx of Lyme Disease?
- Red Rash: Known as erythema migrans, starts as a small red spot that expands, forming a circular, triangular or oval rash
- Arthritis
- Neurological Symptoms
Autoimmune Disorder
What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
An acute, acquired autoimmune disorder that involved demylination of the peripheral nervous system and is charactersized by an abrupt onset of paralysis
- Occurs after infectious illness, such as Covid-19
- After the infection, the patients develops an acute idiopathic polyneuritis. Sx are usually symmetric affecting first LE then UE
What are the Clinical S/S of GBS?
- Muscular weakness (Bilateral, progressing from the legs to the arms to the chest and neck)
- Diminished DTRs
- Paresthesia
- Fever, malaise
- Ataxia
- Areflexia
What are the Guidelines for Immediate Medical Attention?
- When a pt shows S/S of anaphylactic shock
- New onset of joint pain with a recent Hx of surgery (Bacterial or reactive arthritis)
- A dusky blue discoloration or erythema accompanied by exquisite tenderness is a sign of a septic (infected) joint
What are the Guideline for Physician Referral?
- Development of progressive neurologic symptoms within 1 to 3 weeks of a previous infection or recent vaccination (Immediate Referral)
- Positive Ptosis test for Myastenia Gravis
