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Term 3 > Unit 12 Immune Screening > Flashcards

Unit 12 Immune Screening Flashcards

1
Q

What are S/S of Immune Disease?

A
  • Stiffness of Joint, such RA
  • Arthropathies (RA) and spondyloarthropathies
  • Swelling: arthritis, tenosynovitis, lymphenema
  • Generalized weakness, fatigue and sleep distrubances
  • Nail bed Changes
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2
Q

What are 4 different Immune System Pathologies?

A
  • Immunodeficiency Disorder: the immune system is underactive or hypoactive
  • Hypersensitivity Disorder: an overactive or overzealous response is harmful
  • Autoimmune Disorders: body attacts itself
  • Autoimmune-Mediated Neurologic Disorders: body attacks your own neurologic system
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3
Q

What is an example of an Immunodeficiency Disorder?

A

Acquired Immunodeficinecy Syndrome (AIDS) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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4
Q

What are 4 Hypersensitivity Disorders?

A
  • Type 1: Anaphylactic Hypersensitivity (“Allergies”)
  • Type 2 Hypersensitivity (Cytolytic or cytotoxic)
  • Type 3 Hypesensitivity (Immune complex)
  • Type 4 Hypersensitivity (Cell-mediated or delayed)
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5
Q

What are 5 different Autoimmune Disorders?

A
  • Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)
  • RA
  • Systemic Lupis Erythematosus
  • Spondyloarthropathy (Ankylosing Spondylitis)
  • Lyme Disease
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6
Q

What are 4 different Autoimmune-Mediated Neurologic Disorders?

A
  • MS
  • GBS
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • ALS
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7
Q

Immunodeficiency Disorder

Why population of people are more vulnerable to AIDS?
What is a major cause of mobidity and mortality in AIDS?

A
  • People who are HIV infected are vulnerable to serious illness called opportunistic infections or diseases
  • Pneumocystic Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) is a major cause of Mobidity and mortality within the AIDS population
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8
Q

What are Risk Factors for AIDS?

A
  • Commercial sex workers and their clients; men having sex with men
  • Injection drug users
  • People with STDs
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9
Q

This image is associated with what disorder?

A

AIDS (Advanced)

  • Specifically Kaposi’s Sarcoma
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10
Q

With AIDS, what are Clinical S/S of Advanced Symptomatic HIV Infection?

A
  • Opportunistic Disease (Tuberculosis, Pneumocystis Crinii Pneumonia)
  • Muscle Atrophy and weakness, back pain
  • Distal symmetric polyneuropathy
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11
Q

With AIDS, what are the Clinical S/S of HIV Neurologic Disease?

A
  • Motor dysfunction (balance and coordination)
  • Gradual Weakness of extremities
  • Numbness and tingling (peripheral neuropathy)
  • Radiculopathy
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12
Q

Hypersensititivity Disorders

With Type 1 Hypersensitivity, what happens when you have an allergy?

A

The body fights the invaders by producing the special antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE) in excess.

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13
Q

Hypersensititivity Disorders

With Type 1 Hypersensitivity, what are the S/S of an allergy?

A
  • Runny and stuffy nose
  • Wheezing
  • SOB
  • Cough
  • Rashes
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fever
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14
Q

Hypersensititivity Disorders

With Type 1 Hypersensitivity, what is Anaphylaxis?

A

A severe allergic reaction which causes the body producing excessive histamine, which dilates small blood vessels and causes them to leak, resulting in swelling in areas such as the lungs - leading to breathing problems

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15
Q

Autoimmune disorders

What is Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)?

A

A noninflammatory condition appearing with generalized MSK pain in conjunction with tenderness to touch in a large number of specific areas of the body

  • Anatomic locations of tender points is a key feature for FMS
  • However a diagnostic critera use pain being widespread and accompanied by Sx such as sleep problems and problems thinking clearly and fatigue, instead of tender points
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16
Q

Autoimmune Disorders

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A

A chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder of unknown cause that can affect various organs by predominantly involves the synovial tissues of the diarthroidal joints

17
Q

What are the Main Sx of RA?

A

Swelling in one or more joints
Early morning stiffness
Recurring pain or tenderness in any joint
Inability to move a joint normally
Obvious redness and warmth in a joint
Unexplainable weight loss, fever, or weakness combined with joint pain
Symptom such as these that last for more than 2 weeks

“SERIOUS”

18
Q

Autoimmune Disorder

What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A

A chronic disease that causes inflammation in connective tissues such as cartilage and the lining of blood vessels, which provides strength and flexibility to structures throughout the body

"Butterfly Rash"
19
Q

What are some Triggers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A
  • Infection
  • Anti-biotic
  • Exposure to sun
  • Extreme physical and emotional stress (Pregnancy)
20
Q

Autoimmune Disorder

What is Spondyloarthropathy?

A

This represents a group of noninfectious, inflammatory and erosive rheumatic disease that target SI joints

  • The most common disease is this category is the Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
  • AS also affects other joints such as hips, knees, and shoulder along with fever, fatigue, loss of appetite and redness and pain in the eyes
21
Q

Autoimmune Disorders

What is Lyme Disease?

A

This is caused by bacterium borrelia burgdorferi and is trasmitted to humans through the bit of an infected black-legged deer tick. It is the most common tickborn infectious disease in the US.

22
Q

What are the Clinical Sx of Lyme Disease?

A
  • Red Rash: Known as erythema migrans, starts as a small red spot that expands, forming a circular, triangular or oval rash
  • Arthritis
  • Neurological Symptoms
23
Q

Autoimmune Disorder

What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

A

An acute, acquired autoimmune disorder that involved demylination of the peripheral nervous system and is charactersized by an abrupt onset of paralysis
- Occurs after infectious illness, such as Covid-19
- After the infection, the patients develops an acute idiopathic polyneuritis. Sx are usually symmetric affecting first LE then UE

24
Q

What are the Clinical S/S of GBS?

A
  • Muscular weakness (Bilateral, progressing from the legs to the arms to the chest and neck)
  • Diminished DTRs
  • Paresthesia
  • Fever, malaise
  • Ataxia
  • Areflexia
25
Q

What are the Guidelines for Immediate Medical Attention?

A
  • When a pt shows S/S of anaphylactic shock
  • New onset of joint pain with a recent Hx of surgery (Bacterial or reactive arthritis)
  • A dusky blue discoloration or erythema accompanied by exquisite tenderness is a sign of a septic (infected) joint
26
Q

What are the Guideline for Physician Referral?

A
  • Development of progressive neurologic symptoms within 1 to 3 weeks of a previous infection or recent vaccination (Immediate Referral)
  • Positive Ptosis test for Myastenia Gravis

Term 3 (51 decks)

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