Pharmacology Unit 14 Antibacterial Drugs

Question 1

What are the Indications for Antibacterial Drugs that inhibit Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis and Function?

Answer 1

These are used for treatment for bacterial infections

Question 2

What is the Role of Penicillin and Cephalosporins?

Answer 2

Penicillin: inhibit cell wall synthesis; these enzymatic proteins, known as penicilliin-binding proteins (PBPs), are responsible for the normal synthesis and organization of the bacterial cell wall

Cephalosporins: These serve as alternative agents to penicillin if the penicillin drugs are ineffective or poorly tolerated by the patient. May also be used in certain UTIs

Question 3

What is the Role of Bacitracin?

Answer 3

These inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the incorporation of amino acids and nucleic acid precursors into the bacterial cell wall

Question 4

What is the Role of Aminoglycosides and Erythromycin?

Answer 4

Aminoglycosides are used to treat a variety of tissue and wound infections

Erythromycin inhibit bacerial protein synthesis

Question 5

What is the Role of Fluoroquinolones and Sulfonamides?

Answer 5

These inhibit bacterial DNA/RNA via decreasing the replication

Question 6

What are the Adverse Effects of Penicillin?

Answer 6

• Allergic Reactions
  -Skin rashes, hives, difficulty breathing
  -Toxic epidermal necrosis
• CNS problems (confusion, hallucinations with prolonged use)
• GI issues

Question 7

What are the Adverse Effects of Cephalosporin?

Answer 7

• Allergic Reactions
  -Skin rashes, hives, difficulty breathing
  -Toxic epidermal necrosis
• GI issues

Question 8

What are the Adverse Effects of Bacitracin (topical application)?

Answer 8

Local Hypersensitivty
-Skin rashes
-Itching

Question 9

What are the Adverse Effects of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 9

• Nephrotoxicity
  -Bloody urine, acute renal tubular necrosis
• Ototoxicity
  -Ringing ears, dizziness, fullness in the ears
• Skin rashes, itching

Question 10

What are the Adverse Effects of Erythromycin?

Answer 10

GI Issues
-Stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 11

What are the Adverse Effects of Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 11

• CNS Toxicity
  -Visual disturbances, HA, dizziness
• Increased Skin Sensitivity to UV light
• Tendon pain and inflammation (tendon rupture)
• Allergic reaction
• GI distress

Question 12

What are the Advers Effects of Sulfonamides?

Answer 12

• Increased Skin sensitivity to UV Light
• Allergic reactions
• GI distress

Question 13

What are the Considerations for PTs for those patients using Antibacterial Drugs?

Answer 13

Several of these drugs may pose a rise for severe allergic reactions and toxicity, we must be aware of S/S, especially in the hopsital setting.
- Fluroquinolone use can result in tendon inflammation and pain, effected tendons should not be exercied until the cause of tendinopathy can be determined
- Some meds may result in UV sensitivity, so caution should be taken to avoid UV light treatment