Movement Science 2 (Exam 1-Midterm) Flashcards
What is Motor Control?
Necessary input, sufficiently processed, with an acceptable output
What is Motor Learning?
- Study of and acquisition (and reacquisition) and/or modification of skilled action
- Set of processes associated with the steps leading to relatively permanent changes in the capacity for producing a specific movement task
What are the 3 stages of Motor Learning?
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Automous
What is the difference between Intrinsic and Augmented (Extrinsic) feedback?
Intrinsic feedback includes: Visual, Auditory, Proprioceptive, Vestibular, and Tactile
Augmented feedback includes: Knowledge of performance and knowledge of results
With Augmented Feedback, what does Knowledge of results (KR) mean?
- Terminal feedback about the movement outcome
- This is provided by an instructor or clinician
–Usually verbal
–Can be visual or auditory
With Augmented Feedback, what does Knowledge of Performance (KP) mean?
- This is information about the pattern of a movement
–Kinematic feedback: speed, velocity, displacement
–Kinetic or EMG feedback if equipment: force and muscle activity
–Quality of movement: no reference to goal or outcome
What is Concurrent Feedback?
Feedback given during task performance
What is Constant Feedback?
Feedback given after every trial
What is Delayed Feedback?
Feedback with a brief time delay
What is Summary Feedback?
Feedback after a set number of trials
What is Faded Feedback?
Feedback given less frequent with ongoing practice
What is Terminal Feedback?
Feedback given at the end of task performance
What is Bandwidth Feedback?
Feedback given if performance falls outside a predetermined error range
How may feedback affect performance? How do you consider their stage of learning?
- Frequent extrinsic feedback may improve performance but slow learning
- Less extrinsic feedback may slow performance initially but may lead to improved learning (retention test)
- If the patient is in the cognitive stage of learning. they should get feedback more frequent to develop reference of correctness
- If the patient is in the associative and/of autonomous stage of learning they should get feedback less frequent
What are General Practice Principles?
Practice attempts should be maximized to promote motor learning
With practice, what should be the therapist role?
Therapist should ensure the patient practices correct movements to prevent negative learning
In Practice Progression, What is Massed vs. Distributed progression?
Masses: has more practice time vs rest time
Distributed: has more rest time vs practice time
This depends on the patient, either can be chosen, however usually progressed TO massed in the autonomous stage
In Practice Progression, What is the difference between Constant vs. Variable practice?
Constant: Task is practiced in the same way with no variety; This is better for performance
Variable: Task is practiced in variable conditions and parameters; This is better for learning
In Practice Progression, What is the difference between Blocked vs. Random practice?
Blocked: 1 task repeated throughout whole practice time; This promotes performance
Random: A variety of task are practiced during practice time in random order; This promotes learning
What is the difference between Discrete and Continuous, in terms of task constraints on movement control?
Discrete: Recognizable beginning and end
Continuous: Performer decides end
What is the difference between Closed and Open, in terms of task constraints on movement control?
Closed: Fixed or predictable environment (Little variation of movement)
Open: Unpredictable; must adopt movement strategy (Constant changing of positions)
What is the difference between Stability and Mobility, in terms of task constraints on movement control?
Stability: Nonmoving BOS
Mobility: Moving BOS
What is the difference between Manipulation and Non-Manipulation?
Manipulation: Use of your hands to accomplish a goal
Non-Manipulation: No use of hands
What is the Temporal Sequence of Movement?
Initial Condition
Preparation
Initiation
Execution
Termination
Outcome