Unit 5 States Of Conciousness Flashcards
Types of Dependence and Addition
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal
Physical dependence
-Physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
Psychological Dependence
-Psychological need to use drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
Why does withdrawal happen?
- Chemicals may stop being created in the body
- The body then thinks you don’t need it to make chemicals anymore because you are providing them yourself
Alcohol (Effects)
- Disinhibition: Don’t think of longer-term consequences (frontal lobe ins’t working)
- Risky behavior
- Slower neural processing
- Memory disruption: formation of LTM during REM stage
- Korsakoff’s syndrome can happen with addiction
- Reduced self-awareness and self-control
- Increase or decrease negative emotions
- Expectancy effects (placebo)
- Know what will happen with alcohol–> can cause effects
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
- Anterograde and retrograde amnesia
- Can’t remember things before or after drinking
- Confabulation
- Remembering things that didn’t happen
Rat Study with alcohol
- Adolescent rats engaged in Binge-drinking
- What happened:
- Impairment of nerve Genesis; synaptic connections
- Difficult to regrow neurons after they die
- Contributes to nerve cell death
- Shrinks brain
- Impairment of nerve Genesis; synaptic connections
Alcohol and Gender (Male vs. Female)
- Women have less of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol
- Brain shrinkage is more likely to occur
- Addiction happens quicker
- Risk for lung, brain, and liver damage at lower consumption
Caffeine
- World’s most widely consumed psychoactive substance
- Can produce both tolerance and withdrawal
- Increases anxiety levels in some people
- Some can’t handle it (too jittery)
Effects of Cocaine
- Can increase aggression
- Emotional disturbance
- Suspiciousness of others
- Convulsions (seizures)
- Cardiac Arrest (OD)
- Respiratory failure
Health Risk of Ecstasy
- Short-term:
- Dehydration-» over-heating, increases blood pressure, death
- Long-term:
- Damage to serotonin-producing neurons (decreased output, permanently depressed mood)
- Suppresses immune system
- Impairs memory
- Disrupts circadian rhythms
Effects of Marijuana
- Intensifies anxiety, depression
- Positive correlation between use and risk of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia
- Daily use—> worst outcome
- Impairs motor coordination, perceptual skills, reaction time
- Disrupts memory formation &recall
- Heavy adult use for 20+ years associated with shrinkage of brain areas involved in memory/ emotion processing
- Smoke linked with cancer
States of Consciousness
-Daydreaming
-Dreaming
-Hallucinations
-Sensory deprivation
-Hypnosis
-Meditation
(Involve different levels of consciousness)
Sleep studies
- Able to record brain waves patterns using EEG
- Determined that brain omits different waves for different activities
Owls vs Larks
- 20 years old–> shift rom being “evening-energized owls” to being “morning -loving larks”
- Owls performance improves as day goes on, opposite for larks
