Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology (Class) > Modules 42,43,44 > Flashcards

Modules 42,43,44 Flashcards

1
Q

Nonverbal Communication

A
  • Best at deciphering negative emotions

- Especially quick to note anger (evolutionary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Experience Sensitizes Us

A

-Child victims of abuse are more likely to perceive anger emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Key Areas for Nonverbals

A
  • Eyes and Mouth

- Used to determine emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MicroExpressions

A
  • Brief, fleeting involuntary facial expressions
  • Studied by Paul Ekman
    • Emotional detection
    • How cultures express emotions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Duchenne Smile vs Feigned Smile

A
  • Feigned= fake

- Duchenne= under eye activation, real

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gender and Emotion Experiment

A
  • Is one gender more emotionally expressive than the other?
  • Show pictures of people in depress
  • Women= more likely to express overt concern
  • Same physiological arousal for both genders
  • Men= taught to suppress emotions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gender and Emotions

A
  • Women react w/ greater emotion to self-generated thoughts/memories
    • Ruminate/dwell
  • In a hypothetical situation involved with friend betrayal
    • Men=anger and external (substance abuse)
    • Women= sadness and internal (depression)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gender Interpretation

A
  • Women are better at reading nonverbals
    • Evolutionary, primary care givers for infants (need to know if something is wrong)
  • Women have greater “emotional literacy”
    • Varied vocabulary when talking about feelings
    • Men don’t talk about their feelings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Expectations in Gender Emotions

A
  • Women linked with overall emotionality

- Men specifically linked with anger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Universal Emotions

A
  • Facial expressions
  • Studied by Paul Ekman and Izard
    • Believed that there are universal emotions and facial emotions
  • Studied isolated tribes
  • Universal: Joy, anger, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust, contempt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Display rules

A
  • Culture specific rules that govern how, when, and why expressions of emotion are appropriate
  • Experiment: viewed graphic surgical footage in the presence and absence of an observer
    • Americans: Were visibly grossed out regardless of professor’s presence (Individualists)
    • Japanese: No reaction w/ professor, grossed out without professor (collectivist–> bad to show emotions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The effects of facial expressions

A
  • When facial expressions are manipulated, like when furrowing brows, people feel more sad while looking at sad pictures
    • Facial Feedback
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Behavioral Feedback

A
  • Sara Snodgrass: Posture and walking impacts mood, confidence
    • Good posture: people felt good
    • Bad posture: felt bad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Depression and Botox

A
  • When individuals with depression were given Botox, their facial muscles were in a smiling position
  • Felt happier/ improved depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stress

A
  • The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors
    • Appraise as threatening or challenging
    • Appraisal of event= stress experience (Lazarus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Short-Lived Stress

A
  • When stress is short lived and seen as challenging:
  • Overcoming obstacles boosts self-esteem
  • Mobilizes immune system
  • Self-efficacy: confidence through competence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Long-Lasting Stres

A
  • Harmful
  • PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
  • Elevated disease rates
    • Especially heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Walter-Cannon

A
  • Stress Response system
  • Fight or flight
    • Stay and fight, mobilize resources OR
    • Avoid problem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • Activated by stress
  • Quick
  • Immediately mobilizes resources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cortisol

A
  • Activated by stress
  • Slow
  • Builds up over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alternatives to Fight or Flight

A
  • Withdrawal- freeze, save resources
    • Males tend to do so
  • Tending and Befriending
22
Q

Hans Selye

A
  • Studies of animals’ reactions to various stressors, such as electric shock and surgery,
  • General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
23
Q

Amy Cuddy

A
  • Studied behavioral feedback

- Power posing= effective

24
Q

Facial Feedback Effect

A

-The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

25
Q

Health Psychology

A

-A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

26
Q

Tend and Befriend Response

A
  • Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
  • Shelley Taylor
  • May be due to oxytocin
27
Q

Psychophysiological Illness

A
  • Literally “mind-body” illness
  • Any stress-related physical illness
    • Hypertension or some headaches
28
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

-The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

29
Q

Lymphocytes

A

-The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system

30
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A
  • The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

- Leading cause of death in many developing countries

31
Q

Type A

A

-Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger prone people

32
Q

Type B

A

-Friedman and Roseman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

33
Q

Types of Stressors

A
  • Catastrophes
  • Significant Life Changes
  • Daily Hassles
34
Q

Catastrophes

A
  • Unpredictable large-scale events
    • Ex: wars, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and famines
  • Almost always appraised as threatening
  • Worse if family relocates
35
Q

Significant Life Changes

A
  • Life transitions such as going to college/leaving home, getting married
  • Stressful even if a happy time
  • Often happen during young adulthood
36
Q

Daily Hassles

A
  • Ex: rush-hour traffic, aggravating siblings
  • Can be shrugged off or added up–> health concerns
  • Heart concerns
37
Q

GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome)

A
  • When facing stressors, go through 3 phases
  • Body has a single stress response
    1. Alarm reaction: all hands on deck
    2. Resistance: face stressor head on
    3. Exhaustion: Exhaust resources, no energy
38
Q

Type A and Type B Study

A

-9 yr study of 3000 men
-classified into 2 categories: Type A and B
-Results:
-257 men suffered heart attacks
-70% were Type A
-no Type B’s had heart attack
Why?
-Type A: blood diverted away from liver, cholesterol builds up (getting Type A’s “combat ready”)

39
Q

Macrophage

A
  • Identifies, pursues, and ingests harmful invaders and worn-out cells
  • “big eater”
40
Q

Immune System Cells

A
  • Lymphocytes (B and T)
  • Macrophages
  • Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)
41
Q

B Lymphocytes

A

-Form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections

42
Q

T Lymphocytes

A

-Form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

43
Q

Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)

A

-pursue diseased cells (such as those infected by viruses or cancer)

44
Q

AIDS

A
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  • Immune disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  • Spread through bodily fluids
  • Stress and negative emotions speed the transition from HIV infection to AIDS in someone already infected
  • Stress predicts a faster decline in those with AIDS
  • Efforts to reduce stress help control the disease
45
Q

Stress and Cancer

A
  • Link between cancer and stress
    • Proved and disproved
  • Stress does not create cancer cells, but when stressed immune system is weakened
    • Can lead to cancer growth
46
Q

Carcinogens

A

-Cancer producing substances

47
Q

Stress and Heart Disease

A
  • Stress= closely linked to coronary heart disease
  • Friedman and Rosenman experiment
    • Before deadline: good blood cholesterol and clotting
    • Close to deadline: Rose to dangerous levels
    • After deadline: normal levels again
    • Predicted heart-attack risks in these men
    • Led to Type A and B study
  • Type A’s negative emotions–> heart disease
  • Depression= lethal
    • Persistent inflammation
48
Q

Estrogen

A
  • sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males
  • Contributing to female sex characteristics
  • In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
49
Q

Testosterone

A
  • The most important of the male sex hormones
  • Both males and females have it
  • Additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
50
Q

Oxytocin

A

-A stress-moderating hormone associated with pair bonding in animals and released by cuddling, massage, and breast feeding in humans

AP Psychology (Class) (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions