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Anatomy class > Unit 5 Proximal Lower Limb > Flashcards

Unit 5 Proximal Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of muscles in the anterior thigh compartment?

A

Extend the lower knee at the thigh joint

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2
Q

What is the innervation and arterial supply of the anterior thigh compartment muscles?

A

Femoral nerve L2 3 4
Deep Femoral artery

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3
Q

What muscles are within the anterior thigh compartment?

A

Psoas major
Illiacus
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedialis
Saratorius
Pectineus

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4
Q

What is the function, anatomy and innervation of the iliopsoas muscle in the anterior thigh?

A

Enters inferior to the inguinal ligament
Does NOT extend the knee joint
Flexes the thigh at the hip joint
Insets onto the lesser trochanter of the femur
Psoas major is innervates by the anterior rami of L1-3.
The illiacus is innervated by the femoral nerve

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5
Q

What four muscles make up the quadriceps femoris and what do they have in common?

A

Vastus medialis / intermedius / lateralis
Rectus femoris
All insert onto the patella by the quadriceps tendon, which then attaches to the he tibial tuberosity by the patella ligament

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6
Q

What is the proximal attachment and action of the Vastus lateralis?

A

Originates from the greater trochanter and lateral lip of the línea aspera of the femur
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella

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7
Q

What is the proximal attachment and action of the Vastus intermedialis?

A

Originates from the lateral and anterior surfaces of the femoral shaft
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella

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8
Q

What is the proximal point of attachment on the Vastus medialis and what is its action?

A

Originates from the intertrochanteric line and the medial lip of the línea aspera of the femur
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella

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9
Q

What is the proximal attachment and function of the rectus femoris?

A

Originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine and the ilium of the pelvis
Extends the knee joint and flexion of the hip joint
Note is the only quadriceps muscle to cross both the hip and the knee joints.

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10
Q

Give an overview of the sartorius muscle including its attachment and function.

A

Longest muscle in the body, thin and runs superfically in an inferior medial direction
Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and attaches to the superior medial surface of the tibia
At the hip joint is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator
At the knee joint is a flexor

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11
Q

Give an overview of the pectineus muscle including its attachments and function.

A

Flat and quadrangle in shape, contributes to the floor of the femoris triangle
Originates from the pectineal line of the pubic bone and insets onto the pectineal line on the posterior aspect of the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter
Adduction and flexion at the hip joint

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12
Q

Give an overview of the muscles within the medial compartment of the thigh.

A

Known as the hip adductors
Five muscles in this group: gracilis, obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus
Supplied by obturator nerve from the lumbar plexus and the obturator artery.

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13
Q

What are the two different parts and their origins of the adductor Magnus?

A

Adductor - originates from the inferior rami of the pubis and the rami of the ischium, attaches to the línea aspera of the femur
Hamstring part - originates from the Ischial tuberosity, attaches to the adductor tubercule and the medial supracondyle line of the femor

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14
Q

What are the actions of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor- adduction and flexion of the thigh
Hamstring - adduction and extension of the thigh

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor Magnus?

A

Adductor - obturator nerve L2 3 4
Hamstring part - tibial compartment of the sciatic nerve L4 to S3

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16
Q

Give an overview of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh, including the names,section and innervation

A

Also known as the hamstring muscles
Consists of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and the semimembranosus, form prominent tendons both medially and laterally on the posterior surface
Extend the hip and flex the knee
Innervated by the sciatic nerve L4 to S3

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17
Q

What are the attachments and the innervation of the biceps femoris?

A

Made of two heads, the long head originates from the Ischial tuberosity. The short head originates from the línea aspera of the femur, together the heads form and tendon whist inserts onto the head of the fibula.
Long head is innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve and the short head is innervated by the common fibula part of the sciatic nerve

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18
Q

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

A

Flexes the kneee
Extends the thigh at the hip
Laterally rotates the hip and the knee

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19
Q

Give an overview of the semitendinsus muscle.

A

Superficial to the semsimembranous
Originates from the Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis and attaches to the medial surface of the tibia
Flexes the leg at the knee
Extends the thigh at the hip joint
Medially rotates the thigh at the hip and knee joint
Innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve

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20
Q

Give an overview of the semimebranosus muscle

A

Located deep to the semitendinous
Originates from the Ischial tuberosity attaches to the medial tibial condyle
Flexes leg at knee
Extends hip and thigh
Medially rotates the thigh and knee
Innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve

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21
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

A wedges shaped area located within the superior medial aspect of the anterior thigh.
Acts as a conduit for structures entering and leaving the anterior thigh

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22
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Roof - fascia lata
Floor - pectineus, iliopsoas.
Superior border - inguinal ligament
Medial border - medial border of the adductor longus muscle.
Lateral border - medial border of the saratorius muscle

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the inguinal ligament in the femoral triangle?

A

Superior border
Acts as a flexor retinaculum (connector) supporting the contents of the femoral triangle during flexion at the hip.

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24
Q

What content can be found in the femoral triangle?

A

The femoral nerve
The femoral artery
The femoral vein
The femoral canal - contains lymph nodes and vessels

Remember by naval = nerve artery vein empty space (for distension and lymph nodes

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25
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

The femoral vein, artery and canal contained within a fascia compartment.

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26
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the femoral triangle?

A

Find the femoral pulse
Access the femoral artery e.g in a coronary angioplasty
Femoral hernia when part of the bowel pushes out under the inguinal ligament, often requires surgical correction

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27
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

A narrow conical tunnel in the thigh about 15cm long
Runs from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus on the distal end of the adductor magnus muscle
The canal serves as a passageway for structures moving between the anterior thigh and the posterior leg

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28
Q

What are the border of the adductor canal?

A

Anteromedial: saratorius
Lateral: Vastus medialis
Posterior : adductor longus and adductor Magnus

29
Q

What is the femoral artery called when it leaves the adductor canal?

A

The popliteal artery

30
Q

What muscles in the anterior compartment cross the hip joint? What does this allow them to do?

A

Rectus femoris
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Can flex the hip.

31
Q

What muscle is the passage of the femoral vein associated with?

A

The adductor longus.

32
Q

What are some patterns of insertion and origin of the anterior compartment muscles in the thigh?

A

Illiopsoas inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur
Rectus femoris orignates from the AIIS
All other orignate from intertrochanteric line on the femur
All expect the illiopsoas insert into he quadratus femoris tendon continuous with the patella ligament

33
Q

Where do the muscles of the posterior thigh compartment originate and insert?

A

Originate on the ischial tuberosity.
Biceps short head originates on the linea aspera
The biceps femoris is most lateral inserts onto the tibia
The semitendenous is int the middle, inserts onto the inferiomedial to the tibial tuberosity
The semimembranous is the most medial and inserts onto the lateral condyle of the tibia

34
Q

What is unique about the adductor magnus innervation?

A

Medial part is innervated by the obturator nerve
The hamstring part is innervated by the sciatic nerve

35
Q

What is unique about the gracialis muscle?

A

Can also medially rotate the hip alongside adduction of the hip

36
Q

What is unique about the pectineus muscle?

A

Functions as a medial compartment adductor but is innervated by an anterior compartment femoral nerve.

37
Q

Where do the medial muscles originate and insert?

A

All originate from the ischial rami.
insert along the linea aspera on the femur
Except the gracialis which inserts on the medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity.

38
Q

Explain the route of the sciatic nerve

A

Orignates from L4 to S3
Forms on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle
Leaves the pelvic cavity by the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis
Travels by the gluteal region to the posterior thigh
Travels between the adductor magnus and the biceps femoris

39
Q

Describe the route of the femoral nerve.

A

Orignates from L2 to L4
Travels on the lower lateral border of psoas major then the inferior border of the iliac muscle, leaves the pelvis inferior to the inguinal ligament and splits into branches
The deep branch supplying the atnerior compartment of the thigh.

40
Q

Describe the route of the obturator nerve.

A

Anterior rami of L2 to L4,
Travels along the medial border of psoas major, located on the lateral edge of the pelvis near the pelvic girdle, exits pelvis through the obturator foramen, into the medial thigh.

41
Q

What is the function of the obturator externus?

A

Medial thigh muscles - adduction of the thigh
Also lateral rotation

42
Q

What is the route of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Originates from posterior division of anterior rami L4 to S1,
Superior to the piriformis.
Supplies the gluteus minimus and medius

43
Q

What is the route of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Inferior to the piriformis
Posterior divisions of anterior rami L5 to S2,
Inferior to the piriformis then travels superior

44
Q

What lymph nodes are found in the femoral triangle?

A

The deep inguinal lymph nodes

45
Q

Name all the muscles that can flex the hip.

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Saratorius
Pectineus

46
Q

What are the nerve routes of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 to S3

47
Q

What are the nerve routes of the femoral nerve?

A

L2 to L4

48
Q

What are the nerve routes of the obturator nerve?

A

L2 to L4

49
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?
What ligaments support this?

A

Ball and socket joint
Supported by the ischiofemoral ligament
The iliofemoral ligament and the pubofemoral ligament

50
Q

What ligaments Support the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

51
Q

What muscle is in the image?

A

Sartorius

52
Q

What muscle is in the image?

A

Rectus femoris

53
Q

What muscle is in the image?

A

Vastus lateralis

54
Q

What muscle is in the image?

A

Vastus medialis

55
Q

What muscle is int he image?

A

Vastus intermedius

56
Q

What muscle is in the image?

A

Pectineus

57
Q

What muscle is in the image?

A

Long head of biceps femoris

58
Q

What muscle is int eh image?

A

Short head of biceps femoris

59
Q

What muscles is in the image?

A

Semitendinous

60
Q

What muscle is in the image?

A

Semimembranous

61
Q

What muscle is in the image?

A

Gracilis

62
Q

What muscle is shown in the image?

A

Adductor longus

63
Q

What muscle is shown in the image?

A

Adductor brevis

64
Q

What muscle is shown in the image?

A

Adductor Magnus

65
Q

What muscle is shown in the image?

A

Obturator externus

66
Q

What are the boundaries of the gluteal region?

A

The iliac crest and the gluteal fold

67
Q

What is the tensor of fascia lata?

A

A superficial gluteal muscles, originating from the ASIS and inserting onto the iliotibial tract, seperates the deep and superficial fibres of the IT band.
Aids with flexion, abduction and internal rotation of the hip.

68
Q

What is the function of the iliotibial tract?

A

A tought band of fasica extending from the lateral pelvis across the lateral thigh to the lateral tibia.
Pulled on by the gluteus maximus and fascia lata tendon, support the hip and knee joint. Provides lateral stability to the joints when extended.

Anatomy class (42 decks)

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