Unit 11: Hand

Question 1

How many bones are found in the hand?

Answer 1

27

Question 2

What are the different categories of bone within the hand?

Answer 2

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)

Question 3

What term is used to describe the yellow joints?

Answer 3

Interphalangeal articulations

Question 4

What term is used to describe the green joints?

Answer 4

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 5

What term is used to describe the red jonts?

Answer 5

Intercarpal articulations

Question 6

What is the organisation of the carpal bones in the hand?

Answer 6

Proximal - 4 - articulate with forearm
Distal - 4 - articular with carpals

Question 7

What are the different capate bones?
(way to remember)

Answer 7

So long to pink here comes the thumb (start at proximal under thumb and go in circle)
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

Question 8

Label the different carpal bones

Answer 8

Pink - scaphoid
Blue - lunate
Green - triquetrum
Red - pisiform
Blue - hamate
Yellow - capitate
Green - trapeziod
orange - trapezium

Question 9

What is the clinical importance of the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 9

Is made by a gap between the outcropping ‘pollicis’ muscle of the extensor compartment of the forearm.
Contains the scaphoid bone - which is commonly injured when falling on an outstretched hand - can be palpated in this area - painful indicates injury.
Also contains the continuation of the radial artery

Question 10

What are the different movements of the digits?
Do them?

Answer 10

Flexion /extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints and the interphalangeal joints
Abduction and adduction of the digits

Question 11

What classification of muscles are responsible for which movements of the digits?

Answer 11

Extrinsic - flexion and extension
Intrinsic - flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 12

What are the different movements of the thumb?
Can you do them?

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 13

Flexors for the digits and the thumb
Extensors for the digits and thumb
Abductor for the thumb

Question 14

What are the intrinsic muscles groups of the hand?

Answer 14

Thenar muscles
Hypothenar muscles
Lumbricals
Interossei

Question 15

Describe the location of the thenar muscles

Answer 15

Squidgy bit under the thumb

Question 16

Describe the location of the hypothenar muscles

Answer 16

Squidgy bit under the little finger

Question 17

What is the function of the hypothenar group?

Answer 17

Aids with grip

Question 18

What muscles are found in the thenar group for intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 18

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor policis brevis
Opponens pollicis

Question 19

What innervates the thenar muscle groups?

Answer 19

Median nerve.

Question 20

What prevents the tendons in the hand from rubbing together and causing pain?

Answer 20

Surrounded by synovial fluid

Question 21

What is the function of the lumbrical intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 21

Flexion of metocarpopharangeal and extension of the interphalangeal
Characteristis shape is demonstrated by holding a marble

Question 22

Describe the location of the lumbricals intrinsic muscles of the hand

Answer 22

Originate on the palmar side - tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Insert onto the dorsal side on the extensor hood.
This means is crosses the palmar side of the metacarpophalangeal joint but the dorsal side of the interphalangeal joints.

Question 23

What is the function of the interossei muscles?

Answer 23

Abductors and Adductors of the digits (mainly may be small rudimentary associated with pollicis)

Question 24

What is the function of the interossei muscles?

Answer 24

Dorsal interossei abduct (DAB)
Palmar interossei adduct (PAD)

Question 25

Where are the interossei bones of the hand located?

Answer 25

Between the metacarpal joints One set is found on the palmar surface there are 3 of these, and another set is found on the dorsal surface of which there are 4.

Question 26

What innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 26

Mainly ulnar Except - median - for 1/2 loaf - 0.5 lumbricals and thenar (opponens pollics, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis)

Question 27

What are the hypothenar muscles of the hand?

Answer 27

Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abductor digit minimi Opponens digit minimi

Question 28

Describe the cutaneous innervation of the hand?

Answer 28

Palmar surface - thumb to digit 3 is median,four and little finger is ulnar Dorsal surface - 3.5 , four and little finger are ulnar, finger tips of 2 and 3 are median, and the 1,2,3.5 are radial

Question 29

What is the motor innervation of the hand ?

Answer 29

All median Except half loaf: 1/2 lumbricals, opponens digit minimi, flexor digiti minimi and abductor digit minimi which are ulnar nerve.

Question 30

Describe the relevant positioning of the thenar muscles.

Answer 30

Most superficial Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Most deep

Question 31

Describe the relevant positioning of the hypothenar muscles.

Answer 31

Most superficial Palmaris brevis Abductor digit minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Most deep

Question 32

What is a good way to differentiate between lumbrical and interossei muscles on clinical imaging?

Answer 32

Lumbircal - originate from tendor (flexor digitorum profundis) Interossei - originate from bone - metacarpal bones.

Question 33

Name the muscle

Answer 33

Opponens pollicis

Question 34

Name the muscle

Answer 34

Abductor pollicis brevis

Question 35

Name the muscle

Answer 35

Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 36

Name the muscle

Answer 36

Lumbricals

Question 37

Name the muscles

Answer 37

Palmaris brevis

Question 38

Name the muscle

Answer 38

Abductor digit minimi

Question 39

Name the muscle

Answer 39

Flexor digiti minimi

Question 40

Name the muscle

Answer 40

Opponens digiti minimi

Question 41

Name the muscle

Answer 41

Dorsal interossei muscles

Question 42

Name the muscle

Answer 42

Palmar interossei

Question 43

What muscle is closely associated with the thenar muscles of the hands?

Answer 43

The adductor pollicis. Is located in the thenar emis but is included as its own adductor compartment of the hand

Question 44

What muscle is this?

Answer 44

The adductor pollicis

Question 45

Identify the green and the grey tendons What is the associated muscle?

Answer 45

Green - flexor digitorum superficialis Grey - flexor digitorum profundis tendon Muscle - lumbricals - originate from the flexor digitorum profundis tendons.