Unit 14: Functional Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What is the purpsoe of association fibres?
Interconnects cerebral areas in the same hemisphere - all lobes on one side of the brain
White matter
What is the purpose of commisure fibres?
White matter
Connects regions in different cerebral hemispheres - cross midline - allows both hemispheres to act as one functional unit.
What is the purpose of projection fibres?
Descending and ascending tracts
Connect the cortex, brainstem, spinal cord
White matter tracts
What is the superior longitudinal fasciculus?
Compact in middle region - fibres span into frontal anterioyla and occipital posteriorly
Connects frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
For the integration of sensory information.
Association fibres
What is the purpose of the arcuate fasciulus?
Subset of fibres in the superior longitudinal fasiculus
Connects language areas - brocas (frontal) and wernicks (temporal and parietal lobe) .
Allows comprehension and production of language (understand what we say and say what we understand)
Norm only found in dominant hemisphere (left side).
What language connections are in the non-dominant hemisphere?
Melody
Accents
Tone of voice
Gives us our unique form of voice and communication
What is the largest bundle of commissural fibres?
Corpus callosum - most connection are inhibitory
What is the corona radiata?
Converge into internal capsule
Made from white matter tracts as ascend and descend from cerebral cortex to brainstem
What is the inferior occipitofrontal fasiculus?
Association fibres
Connects the parietal/occipital lobe to the frontal lobe.
Role if language processing, goal oritentaed behaviour and visual switching tasks.
What is the uncinate fasciculus?
Association fibres
Connects the frontal and temporal lobes
Bidirectional
What are the two limbs of the internal capsule?
Anterior - seperates head of caudate from putamen and GP
Posterior - separates the thalamus from the putamen and GP.
What structures developed from the embryological diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
What structures derived from the embryological telencephalon?
Cerebral hemispheres
Deep structures
What is meant by a primary cortical area?
Areas that receive information from peripheral receptors (e.g thalamus), with little interpretation of the meaning of the information
These areas are concerned with receiving sensory information or executing motor tasks
M1. S1, V1 etc.
What is meant by an association area?
Recive input from primary cortical areas and areas involved in higher processing, integration and interpretation.
Normally adjacent to primary areas
Can be unimodal or heteromodal
Examples: visual association area, temporal association area.
What is the function and location of the supplementary motor area and the premotor association area?
Supplementary is superior to premotor
Supplementary - contains motor maps for posture, efferent innervate limbs and truncal musculature
Premotor - higher order processing and integration of motor information
What is the frontal eye field?
Located in the supplementary motor area and extent anteriorly
They are involved in eye movements
What is the function of the motor hand area?
Hook shaped segment of the precentral gyrus located just posterior to the frontal eye fields.
The motor-hand area is responsible for motor hand function.
What is the function of the somatosensory association area?
Located posterior to S1.
In parietal lobe
Allows for interpretation of the significant of sensory information, such as touch, pressure and proprioceptive information.
What sulcus is associated with the primary visual cortex?
The calcarine sulcus
What is meant by the retinotopic organisation of the primary visual cortex?
Fibres from upper visual field - inferior bank of calcarine sulcus
Fibres from lower visual field - superior bank of calcarine sulcus
Region of hiest visual acuity in the retina - the fovea - is represented near the occipital pole.
What is the function and location of the visual association area?
Surrounds the priamry visual cortex on the medial surface of the occipital lobe
This area gives meaning and interpretation to visual information.
What is the primary auditory cortex located and what is its function?
Composed of transverse Heschl’s gyri deep within lateral fissure, a strip of cortex on the superior surface of the superior temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe.
Each ear is represented in a bilateral manner on the cortex.
What is the function of the auditory association cortex?
Located adjacent to the primary auditory area on the lateral surface of the superior temporal gyrus.
Allows up to interpret sounds and give them meaning.
What is the function of the insula cortex?
Many functions including consciousness, emotion, self-awareness and cognitive function.
What is the function of the primary gustatory cortex?
Primary sensory cortex - responsible for taste
Located in the insular cortex within the lateral fissure
Describe the location of brocas area?
Located in the frontal lobe, anterior to the premotor association areas
Responsible for the production of all forms of language.
Describe the location of wernicks area
Spans the parietal and temporal lobes around the lateral fissure and the primary auditory area.
Allows for comprehension of language.
Describe the location and function of the frontal association areas.
Prefrontal cortex
Extenstive connections to sensory cortex, motor cortices, cerebellum etc
Responsible for executive function, which includes memory, problem solving, attention, planning and cognitive flexibility.
Describe the location and function of the parietal association cortex.
Located posterior to the postcentral gyrus
Orientates our attention in time and space - highly interconnected with the prefrontal cortex.
What is the function and the location of the temporal association areas?
Widespread across the temporal lobe
Critical for making the link between visual stimulus or a face or object and its meaning or identity.
What is meant by a unimodal association cortex?
Higher order information processing of a sinlge sensory or motor modality
Generally adjacent to primary motor or sensor areas.
What is a hetero-modal association cortex?
Involved in integrating functions from multiple modalities (sensory and/or motor)
What are the label of this image?
Ínsula
Primary gustatory cortex
Herschel’s gyro
Primary auditory
Association auditory
