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Anatomy class > Unit 10: Chewing > Flashcards

Unit 10: Chewing Flashcards

1
Q

What joint is responsible for chewing?

A

The TMJ
The temporomandibular joint

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2
Q

What are the two different direction of travel of the mandible?

A

The inferior angle
The anterior angle
Change between these two directions is known as the angle of the mandible

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the mental foramen?

A

Bilater structure in the anterolateral surface of the mandible.
For passage of the mental nerve, which is a branch of CNV3

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4
Q

What are the alveolar processes on the mandible?

A

Bony indentations or grooves, mark areas that act as sockets for the teeth.

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5
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Modified synovial hinge joint

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6
Q

Why is the TMJ classified as a modified hinge joint?

A

Allows movement in three planes (elevation/depression, protraction/retrotraction, lateral)
Hinge joints normally only allow movement in two planes

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7
Q

What makes up the TMJ joint?

A

Mandibular fossa on the temporal bone.
Condyle of mandible.
An the articular tubercule on the temporal bone

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8
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the oral cavity?

A

Lips and associated musculature including the obicularis oris

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9
Q

What is the function of the obicularis oris?

A

Purse of lips e.g around a straw

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10
Q

What are the different sections of the oral cavity?

A

Oral fissure
Oral vestibule
Oral cavity Proper

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral fissure?

A

Is the space between the lips (where food/air passes in/out)

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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral vestibule?

A

Is the space between the teeth and the lips

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper?

A

Area where tongue and food mainly sit
Within the dental arches (teeth)

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14
Q

What is the superior boundary of the oral cavity?

A

The hard palate (anteriorly) and the soft palate (posteriorly.

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15
Q

What makes up the hard palate?

A

The palatine bone and the palatine process of the maxilla, also may have contributions from the alveolar process of the maxilla

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16
Q

What makes up the soft palate?

A

Uvula and soft muscular tissue

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17
Q

What is the function of the soft palate when swallowing?

A

Is mobile
Moves to block off the nasal cavity
Prevents bolus from passing into the nasal cavity

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18
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the oral cavity?

A

Mainly soft tissue
Include suprahyoid muscles

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19
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

Speech
Oral hygeine
Swallowing
Taste

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20
Q

What is the lateral border of the oral cavity?

A

Soft tissue
Mainly made up of the buccinator muscle

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21
Q

Draw a diagram to represent the different sections of the tongue?

A

The apex
The body
The terminal groove
The root

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22
Q

How does the terminal groove divide the tongue into sections?

A

Seperates the body and the root
Also marks as a landmark between the anterior 2/3 and the posterior 3 of the tongue.

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23
Q

What is the innervation to the anterior 2/3 tongue?

A

Taste - by CN7 facial
General sensation - by CNV3 (temp, texture) (mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve)

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24
Q

What is the innervation to the posterior 1/2 of the tongue?

A

Taste and general sensation by CN9. Glossopharangeal

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25
What provides the motor innervation to the tongue?
CN12 hypoglossal Provides to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles.
26
What type of innervation activates the salivary glands?
Parasympathetic nervous system
27
What are the different functions of saliva?
Oral hygeine Moist mucosa Lubricate for the passage of bolus Digest starch Protect teeth
28
List the three different salivary glands from largest to smallest
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
29
What nerve provides inervation to the parotid salivary gland?
CN9
30
What nerve provides innervation to the sublingual salivary gland?
CN7 facial
31
What nerve provides innervation to the submandibular salivary gland?
CN7 facial
32
Describe the structure of the parotid salivary gland.
Has a deep and superfifical component, seperated by wrapping around the masseter muscle and the mandible
33
What is the passage of the duct from the parotid gland?
Travels anterior to the masseter then pierces the buccinator Is identified in the oral cavity at roughly the level of the second molar
34
What is the general passage of the duct from the sublingual gland?
Has many ducts Pierce the inferior floor Pass through the submucosa to release under the tongue
35
What is the general structure of the submandibular salivary gland?
Has a superficial and deep component Wraps around the mylohyoid muscle
36
What is the passage of the duct from the submandibular salivary gland?
Duct develops from the deep portion of the gland passes through soft tissue in the floor Opens medially near the frenulum of the tongue into the oral cavity.
37
What is the posh word for chewing?
Mastication
38
What are the main muscles of mastication?
The temporalis The masseter The medial pterygoid The lateral pterygoid
39
What is the general point of attachement of the temporalis muscle?
Originates from temproral fossa and inserts onto coronoid process
40
What is the general point of attachment of the masseter muscle?
Originates from the zygomatic arch to the angle of mandible Note has a deep and superficial head
41
What is the general point of attachment of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Superficial head: maxillary tuberosity Deep head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate Inserts onto the internal surface angle of mandible
42
What is the general point of attachement of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Both insert onto the neck of the mandible/ articular disk of TMJ Upper head - inserts into infratemporal fossa Lower head - inserts into lateral surface of the lateral ptreygoid
43
What muscles are mainly respnsible for closing the jaw?
Temporalis Masseter Medial pterygoid
44
What muscles are mainly responsible for opening the jaw?
Lateral Pterygoid muscles
45
What muscles may aid the lateral pterygoid in opening the jaw?
The platysma The anterior belly of the digastric muscle
46
How is the TMJ joint divided and what is the functional significance of this?
Articular plate divides into an upper and lower section Upper section is protraction and retraction Lower section is elevation and depression
47
In order for the jaw to open (be depressed) what way must it move first?
Anteriorly
48
What structure prevents anterior dislocation of the jaw?
The articular tubercule on the zygomatic arch
49
What happens if the jaw is dislocated anteriorly?
Condyle of the mandible passess anteriorly to the articular tubercle Causes spasm of the muscle of mastication Struggle to open the jaw and struggle to position backwards
50
How do you fix and anteriorly dislocated jaw?
Put downwards pressure on the inferior molar to overcome spasm of the muscles of masstication Then guide condyle backwards into the mandibular fosso on the temporal bone.
51
What structures support the TMJ synovial joint?
The joint capsule The temporomandibular ligament The sphenomandibular ligament The stylomandibular ligament
52
What is the function of the temporalmandibularligament?
Prevents posterior dislcoation of the jaw
53
What is the function of the sphenomandibular ligament?
Prevents lateral dislocation of the jaw? (breaks when force is applied from the lateral side)
54
What is the function of the stylomandibular ligament?
Prevents lateral dislocation of the jaw (breaks when pressure on the medial side)
55
What does bilateral movement of the lateral pterygoid muscle result in?
Protrude jaw (allos to open)
56
What does unilateral movement of the lateral/medial pterygoid muscles result in?
Movement of the jaw to the contralateral side?
57
What does bilateral movement of the medial pterygoid result in?
Protraction and elevation of the jaw
58
What are the different fibres directions in the temporalis and how does this affect its function?
Vertically orientated fibres - elevate the mandible Posterior/horizontal fibres - retract the mandible.
59
Describe the position of the different salivary glands
60
What is the blue label?
Coronoid process
61
What is the yellow label?
Mandibular notch
62
What is the green label?
Condyloid process
63
What is the pink label?
The neck
64
What is another term for the head of the mandible?
The Condyloid process
65
What is the red label?
The ramus
66
What is the orange label?
The angle
67
What is the green label?
The mandibular foramen
68
What is the function of the mandibular foramen?
Contains neurovasculature to the teeth
69
Wha it’s the pink label.
Submandibular fossa
70
What is the function of the submandibular fossa?
Contains the submandibular salivary gland
71
What features can you identify that surround the TMJ? Green
The mastoid process The styloid process The external acoustic meatus
72
Can you identify the bones around the TMJ joint? Blue
Temporal Sphenoid Zygomatic Maxilla
73
What muscles can be seen in the image?
The temporalis muscle The superficial and deep head of the masseter muscle
74
What muscles are shown in blue?
The superior and inferior head of the lateral pteryoid muscle
75
What muscle is shown in green?
The superficial and deep head closer to back of the medial ptery void
76
What muscle is shown here?
The platysma muscle
77
What muscle is shown here?
The posterior belly of the digastric muscle
78
What ligament are shown here?
The stylomandibular ligament The temporomandibular ligament The joint capsule
79
What ligament is shown here?
The sphenomandibular ligament
80
Describe the orientation of the pharynx, larynx oesophagus and trachea?
81
What is the boundary between the oral county t the pharynx?
The oropharyngeal isthmus
82
What bone is shown here?
Palatine bone
83
What different bones make up the oral cavity?
The unpaired: sphenoid, hyoid and mandibular The paired: Maxillary, temporal and palatine
84
What is the orange label?
The incisive fossa
85
What is the green label?
The palatine process of the maxilla
86
What is the pink lable?
Alveolar process of maxilaa
87
What is the blue label?
Horizontal process of the palatine
88
What is the red line?
The transverse suture (between the maxilla and the palatine bone)
89
What makes up the purple label?
The greater and lesser palatine foramen
90
What makes up the red labels?
The medial and lateral pterygoid plate
91
What is the black label?
The pterygoid hamulus
92
What is the pterygoid fovea?
A small depression on the surface of the anterior neck of the mandible for attachment of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscles
93
Label the features of the mandible
Coronoid process Alveolar arch Mental foramen Body Angle Ramus Condylar process
94
What is the genial tubercule of the mandible?
Made of 4x mental spines 2x superior and two inferior, just lateral to the midline on the posterior mandible Provide a point of attachment for the genioglossus and the geniohyoid muscles
95
What is the black label?
The lingula
96
What is the purple label?
The submandibular fossa
97
What is the pink label?
mylohyoid line
98
What is the blue label?
The sublingual fossa
99
What is the red label?
The superior and inferior mental spines
100
What are the boundaries of the buccinator muscle?
'the cheeks' Fuses with the orbicularis oris muscle anteriorly and fuses with muscles of the pharynx posteriorly. Forms attachment with the alveolar process of the mandible and the maxillary bones.
101
What are the geniohyoid muscles?
Paired muscles from the inferior mental spines to the anteror hyoid bone. Superior to mylohyoid Make up floor of oral cavity Pull the hyoid superior and propulsion for swallowing When hyoid bone is fixed can help depress the mandible to open the mouth
102
What are the mylohyoid muscles?
Paired muscle Form the muscular inferior limit of the floor of the oral cavity Originate from the mandible and infert onto hyoid bone Supports and elevates the oral floor Depress mandible when hyoid fixed to aid opening of the mouth Elevate and propulse the hyoid to help open the mouth
103
What are the label missing from this sagittal section of the mouth?
The mandible THe genohyoid The mylohyoid The hyoid bone The root of the tongue The terminal sulcus
104
What are the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
The superior longitudinal The vertical The transverse The inferior longitudinal The septum (sort of)
105
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Lengthen and shorten the tongue Curla dn uncurl the edges and apex Flattening and rounding is surface
106
What are the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Palatoglossus Styloglossus Hypoglossus Genioglossus
107
What muscles are shown here?
Master posteriorly and buccinator anteriorly
108
What muscle is shown here?
Geniohyoid muscle
109
What muscle is shown? Green arrow
Mylohyoid
110
What muscle is shown here?
Platoglossus
111
What muscle is shown here?
Styloglossus
112
What muscle is shown here?
Genioglossus
113
What muscle is shown here?
Hyoglossus
114
The four extrinsic muscles of the tongue attach to the tongue and what other structures?
Genioglossus - superior genial tubercule of mandible Hypoglossus - hyoid bone Palatoglossus - soft palate Styloglossus - styloid process
115
What is the action of the genioglossus muscle why is this important to cranial nerve testing?
Is innervated by hypoglossal nerve. Protrudes the tongue anteriorly and deviates the tongue to the opposite side. If not functional the tongue will lie on fall towards the no-functional side of the mouth
116
Identify the muscles of the extrinsic tongue?
Green - styloglossus Blue - palatoglossus Pink - hyloglossus Yellow - genioglossus
117
What is the general structure of the sublingual gland?
Deep to the tongue Bordered laterally by the mandible and medially by the genioglossus muscle of the tongue Sits in the sublingual fossa
118
What nerve passes through the parotid gland but does not innervate it?
Cranial nerve 7 - facial nerve
119
Draw a diagram to represent innervation of the tongue?
120
What are the two different types of movement within the TMJ joint?
Pivoting and Translation
121
What is articular disc displacement?
The mandible and articular disk are protracted But only the mandible is retracted and the articular disc moves forward potentially in front of the articular tubercule Condyle can press on innervated tissue causing pain and jaw movement is restricited
122
What is the function of the masseter muscle?
Deep head - vertical fibres from the deep zygomatic arch - ONLY elevates the mandible Superficial head - oblique fibres - elevate and protract the mandible

Anatomy class (42 decks)

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