Induction week 12/09 Flashcards
What are anatomical planes?
Imaginary 2D lines used to divide the body into sections.
What is the median/ midsagittal plane?
Splits the body into equal right and left halves.
This plane is stationary.
What is the parasagittal plane?
Divides the body into left and right halves.
Plane may move, giving unequal sections.
Is always parallel to the midline.
What is the axial plane?
Divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
Can move to give unequal halves.
What are other names for the axial plane?
Transverse plane
Horizontal plane.
How is the location of the axial and the sagittal plane related?
Planes are perpendicular to each other.
What is the frontal plane?
Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
What is another name for the frontal plane?
The coronal plane.
What are cardinal planes?
The midsagittal plane, transverse plane and coronal plane.
Divide the body into halves.
Interact at the bodys theoretical centre of mass.
What is a systems based approach to anatomy?
Focused on one body system across multiple body regions.
A body system is multiple different organs working together to perform one main function.
e.g the digestive system
What is a body regions based approach to anatomy?
Focused on one area of the body and learns how many body systems interact in this area.
e.g the arm
What is a body cavity?
A space within the body containing bodily organs.
What is the thoracic cavity?
A cavity with boundaries marked by the rib-cage and diaphragm.
Contains the mediastinum and right/left pleural cavity.
What is the mediastinum?
Part of the thoracic cavity.
Located medially.
Contain the heart, oesophagus, trachea, thoracic nerves and major blood vessels.
Separates the right and left pleural cavity.
What are the right/left pleural cavities?
Part of the thoracic cavity.
Contain the lungs.
Located laterally.
What is the main inferior cavity of the trunk called?
The abdominopelvic cavity.
What is the boundary between the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity?
The diaphragm
How is the abdominopelvic cavity sun-divided?
Superior
The abdominal cavity.
Dividing pelvic brim
The pelvic cavity.
The ending pelvic diaphragm
Inferior
What is found in the abdominal cavity?
Mainly the digestive organs.
What is found in the pelvis cavity?
Mainly reproductive organs and distal ends of the digestive system such as the rectum.
What is a serous membrane?
A mesothelial tissue that lines body cavities with a two-layered membrane.
What is the purpose of serous membranes?
To reduce friction between internal organs in the body.
What are the basic parts of a serous membrane?
The visceral layer - layer against the organ
Often fluid filled space
The parietal layer - layer against the wall of the cavity.
Name three types of serous membrane.
Pleural membrane - surrounds the lungs
Pericardial membrane - surrounds the heart
Peritoneal membrane - surrounds the abdominal organs.
How are serous membranes named?
Prefix - visceral or parietal for layer of membrane
Suffix - location of membrane.
What is the name of the serous membrane against the cavity wall surrounding the lungs?
Parietal pleura
What is the name of the serous membrane that is against the lungs?
visceral pleura
What is the name of the serous membrane lining the cavity wall surrounding the heart?
Parietal pericardium
What is the name of the serous membrane lining the wall of the cavity surrounding the abdominal organs?
Parietal peritoneum
What is the name of the serous membrane surrounding the heart in the cavity?
Visceral pericardium
What is the name of the serous membrane surrounding the abdominal organs in their cavity?
Visercal peritoneum
How are anatomical terms of relationship used?
Used in pairs to describe the location of body structures.
x is ——— to y.
Comparative terms
What does superficial mean?
Closer to the skin
What does deep mean?
Away from the skin.