Unit 5: 12.1 -12.2 Flashcards
Yield
the output and production from crops
Agriculture
the purposeful cultivation of plants or raising of animals to produce goods for survival
Mediterranean Agriculture
an agricultural practice that consists of growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats
Climate Region
an area that has similar climate patterns generally based on its latitude (up and down) and its location on a coast or continental interior
Subsistence Agriculture
The process of farming for survival, everyone farms for themselves. Stage one of the demographic transition model
Commercial Agriculture
an agricultural practice that focuses on producing crops and raising animals for the market for others to purchase (typically cash crops: crops that the farmer does not consume and is purely for selling)
Bid Rent Theory
a theory that describes the relationships between land value, commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined (like the van thunen model)
Central Business District
the central location where the majority of consumer services are located in a city or town because the accessibility of the location attracts these services
Metes and Bounds
(European) This system describes property boundaries in terms of lines drawn in a certain direction for a specific distance from clear points of reference.
Township and Range
(American) Rectangular lot shapes. Range = Rectangle
Long lot survey system
Longer lots
Intensive Agriculture
Intensive= intense
Lot of input and a lot of output
Monocropping
the cultivation of one or two crops that are rotated seasonally
Cropping= rotating
Monoculture
refers to the agricultural system of planting one crop or raising one type of animal annually.
Crop Rotation
the varying of crops from year to year to allow for the restoration of valuable nutrients and the continuing productivity of the soil
Plantation Farming
Larger scale commercial farming that takes place in periphery countries. One particular crop grown for the market (cash crops)
Market Gardening
Also known as Truck farming is a form of intensive agriculture typically done by migrant workers in order to keep the price down. Producing flowers, fruits, and vegetables.
Mixed Crop and Livestock systems
a type of farming in which both crops and livestock are raised for profit. On farm farming: crops and livestock raised on the same farm. In-between farm farming: farmers share resources one growing crops the other raising livestock
Clustered (nucleated) settlement
a rural settlement pattern in which residents live in close proximity to one another, with farmland and pasture land surrounding the settlement; also known as a nucleated settlement. (social unity)
Dispersed Settlement
A rural settlement pattern in which houses and buildings are isolated from one another, and all the homes in a settlement are distributed over a relatively large (independence and self- sufficiency)
Linear Settlement
a rural settlement pattern in which houses and buildings form in a long line that usually follows a land feature or aligns along a transportation route (follow paths, railroads, or roads).
Extensive Agriculture
Less input less output Ex. Plantation Farming
an agricultural practice with relatively few inputs and little investment in labor and capital that results in relatively low outputs
Shifting Cultivation
the agricultural practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated
Slash and Burn
the act of “slashing” the trees and brushes down and then after the vegatation is gone it is burned before new seeds are sown
