Unit 4 Smartbooks Flashcards
Which are usually found inside the cell body (or soma) of a mature neuron? Nucleus Centrioles Mitochondria Synaptic vesicles Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
In the CNS, myelin is produced by glial cells called __________
oligodendrocytes
Which glial cell insulates nerve fibers from extracellular fluids and speeds up signal conduction in the brain?
Oligodendrocyte
The trigger zone includes the axon hillock and the
_______ segment, a region between the axon hillock and the first glial cell.
initial
The glial cells that line cavities of the brain and spinal cord and secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid are ______.
ependymal cells
Functions of the spinal cord include what 3 things?
Conduction, locomotion, reflexes
The ______ matter of the spinal cord contains the synapses and therefore is the site of synaptic integration.
gray
The poliovirus destroys which neurons in the brainstem and anterior horn of the spinal cord?
Motor
A _____ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (fascicles) bound together by connective tissue.
nerve
A nerve containing both sensory and motor nerve fibers is called a(n) _______ nerve.
mixed
In which disease does sclerosis of the lateral spinal cord occur, with destruction of motor neurons?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies located outside of the CNS called?
Ganglion
Moving peripherally from the spinal cord, which anterior and posterior structures form a spinal nerve?
Roots
The somas of which neurons are found within the posterior root ganglion?
Sensory
The anterior rami of spinal nerves form which nerve plexuses?
Cervical, lumbar, sacral
Which stimulus causes a muscle to reflexively contract?
Increased stretch
In which reflex is there a quick contraction of flexor muscles in response to a painful stimulus?
Flexor
What are the three major divisions of the brain?
Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum
Which term refers to the shallow grooves found on each of the cerebral hemispheres?
Sulci
Which term refers to the thick folds of tissue found on each of the cerebral hemispheres?
Gyri
What is the function of the choroid plexus?
To produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Which best describes the cerebral cortex?
Surface layer of gray matter on the cerebrum
The brain barrier system (BBS) consists of what two things?
1) Blood-brain barrier
2) Blood-CSF barrier
Name the large, C-shaped structure that contains most of the commissural tracts of the brain.
Corpus callosum
Which structure serves as the major control center of the endocrine and autonomic nervous system?
Hypothalamus
How many lobes are found in each of the cerebral hemispheres?
5
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves?
10, 9, 7, and 3
Which nervous system has two nerve fibers connecting the CNS to an effector?
Autonomic
What is the alternative name for the craniosacral division of the ANS?
Parasympathetic division
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? (give names not numbers)
Oculomotor
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
What are two sympathetic effects on the urinary system?
Reduced urine output by the kidneys
Contraction of the internal urethral sphincter
Which neurons secrete acetylcholine?
Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons
Regarding the length of fibers, the parasympathetic nervous system has ______ preganglionic fibers and ______ postganglionic fibers.
long, short
Vasomotor tone is produced by a baseline level of stimulation by which division of the ANS?
Sympathetic
What region of the brain is the primary regulator of the visceral motor system?
Hypothalamus
Which are effects of the parasympathetic division on the digestive system?
Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
Increased gastric motility
Increased gastrointestinal secretion
Proprioceptors respond to which type of stimuli?
Movements or changes in body position
What is the function of the middle ear?
Transmit sound waves to the inner ear
Cerumen does which of the following?
Inhibits bacterial growth
Waterproofs the ear canal
Keeps the tympanic membrane pliable
Infections of the throat may be transmitted to the middle ear via which of the following?
Auditory tube
Which cochlear chambers contain perilymph?
Scala tympani
Scala vestibuli
The posterior chamber of the eye is located between which two structures?
Iris and lens
The anterior chamber of the eye is located between which two structures?
Cornea and iris
