Lab 3 (chapter 3)

Question 1

Define (simple) diffusion

Answer 1

The net movement of particles from place of high concentration to place of lower concentration

Question 2

Define osmosis

Answer 2

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 3

Define (primary) active transport

Answer 3

A carrier moves the solute through a membrane up (against) its concentration gradient

Question 4

Extracellular fluid is ____ the cell, whereas intracellular fluid is ____ the cell.

Answer 4

Extracellular fluid is outside the cell, whereas intracellular fluid is inside the cell

Question 5

What is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid? Most abundant anion?

Answer 5

Cation: Na+
Anion: Cl-.

Question 6

What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid? Most abundant anion?

Answer 6

Cation: K+
Anions: proteins, atp

Question 7

Define tonicity

Answer 7

The concentration of non-permeating solutes (solutes that cannot pass through the membrane)

Question 8

Two major extracellular fluids are

Answer 8

Plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 9

Name 4 passive mechanisms of transportation

Answer 9

1) Filtration
2) Simple Diffusion
3) Facilitated Diffusion
4) Osmosis

Question 10

Define a gradient

Answer 10

A difference in chemical concentration, charge, temperature, or pressure between two points

Question 11

True or false: Matter and energy tend to flow up gradients

Answer 11

False; matter and energy tend to flow DOWN gradients

Question 12

Give an example of matter flowing down a gradient in the body

Answer 12

Blood flows from a place of higher pressure to a place of lower pressure

Question 13

Moving up a gradient requires what?

Answer 13

Energy

Question 14

Define hypotonic solution

Answer 14

A solution that has a lower concentration of non-permeating solutes than the other solution

Question 15

Define a hypertonic solution

Answer 15

A solution that has a higher concentration of non-permeating solutes than the other solution

Question 16

Define an isotonic solution

Answer 16

Where concentrations of non-permeating solutes in both solutions are the same

Question 17

What happens to a cell if it’s placed in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 17

Water diffuses out of the cell and causes crenation (shriveling) because now it doesn’t have enough water

Question 18

What happens to a cell if it’s place in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 18

Water diffuses into the cell and causes hemolysis (explosion) because now it has too much water.

Question 19

What happens to a cell if it’s placed in an isotonic solution?

Answer 19

Nothing, stays the same

Question 20

How can water flow quickly into cells?

Answer 20

Facilitated diffusion through aquaporins