Chapter 1 lecture

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

Examining the structure of the human body

Question 2

Define physiology

Answer 2

The study of function of the human body

Question 3

True or false: Anatomy and physiology complement each other; you can not entirely separate the two because of the unity of form and function

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Define gross anatomy

Answer 4

Study of structures that can be seen with the eyes

Question 5

What are three examples of gross anatomy being applied in medicine?

Answer 5

Dissection, exploratory surgery, and medical imaging

Question 6

Name 3 areas that study anatomical structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Answer 6

Histology, cytology, and ultrastructure

Question 7

What is another name for histology?

Answer 7

Microscopic anatomy

Question 8

What is histology?

Answer 8

The examination of tissues [under a microscope]

Question 9

What is cytology?

Answer 9

The study of structure and function of cells

Question 10

What is ultrastructure?

Answer 10

Viewing detail under an electron microscope

Question 11

Name 3 subdisciplines of physiology

Answer 11

Neurophysiology (physiology of the nervous system)
Endocrinology (physiology of hormones)
Pathophysiology (mechanisms of disease)

Question 12

Define pathophysiology

Answer 12

The study of mechanisms of disease

Question 13

Define comparative physiology

Answer 13

The study of another species to learn about body functions

Question 14

What is the basis for much of our understanding of human physiology and the development of new drugs and medical procedures?

Answer 14

Comparative physiology

Question 15

Why is comparative physiology important to research in physiology as a whole?

Answer 15

Physiology, unlike anatomy, requires live subjects due to the fact that you cannot observe function on a cadaver, so often relies on animals to perform research

Question 16

Define organization in anatomy

Answer 16

The idea that living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things.

Question 17

Living matter is always compartmentalized into ____ or more cells.

Answer 17

one

Question 18

What is cellular composition?

Answer 18

The idea that living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells.

Question 19

What is metabolism?

Answer 19

Internal chemical reactions

Question 20

True or false: all chemical reactions that take place inside your body are considered to be a part of your metabolism

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Define responsiveness in biology

Answer 21

The ability to sense and react to stimulate (irritability or excitability).

Question 22

Define movement in biology

Answer 22

The movement of organisms and/or of substances within the organism.

Question 23

Define homeostasis

Answer 23

Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions (regardless of external conditions)

Question 24

What is the one word that can sum up many of the topics covered in A&P one and two?

Answer 24

Homeostasis

Question 25

Define development in biology

Answer 25

Differentiation and growth

Question 26

Differentiation and growth make up the concept of ________.

Answer 26

development.

Question 27

Give an example of why monitoring development is important to medicine

Answer 27

Looking a developing fetus in the womb to see if structures are differentiating and growing at the typical rates.

Question 28

Define reproduction

Answer 28

Producing copies of themselves; passing genes to offspring.

Question 29

Define evolution in biology

Answer 29

Changes in genes at the population level

Question 30

Give an example of evolution that is relevant to modern medicine

Answer 30

Bacteria evolving to resist antibiotics on a population level.

Question 31

What is the general idea of the body’s structural hierarchy of complexity?

Answer 31

Atoms are the least complex component of life, organisms are the most complex.