Chapter 1 lecture Flashcards
Define anatomy
Examining the structure of the human body
Define physiology
The study of function of the human body
True or false: Anatomy and physiology complement each other; you can not entirely separate the two because of the unity of form and function
True
Define gross anatomy
Study of structures that can be seen with the eyes
What are three examples of gross anatomy being applied in medicine?
Dissection, exploratory surgery, and medical imaging
Name 3 areas that study anatomical structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Histology, cytology, and ultrastructure
What is another name for histology?
Microscopic anatomy
What is histology?
The examination of tissues [under a microscope]
What is cytology?
The study of structure and function of cells
What is ultrastructure?
Viewing detail under an electron microscope
Name 3 subdisciplines of physiology
Neurophysiology (physiology of the nervous system)
Endocrinology (physiology of hormones)
Pathophysiology (mechanisms of disease)
Define pathophysiology
The study of mechanisms of disease
Define comparative physiology
The study of another species to learn about body functions
What is the basis for much of our understanding of human physiology and the development of new drugs and medical procedures?
Comparative physiology
Why is comparative physiology important to research in physiology as a whole?
Physiology, unlike anatomy, requires live subjects due to the fact that you cannot observe function on a cadaver, so often relies on animals to perform research
Define organization in anatomy
The idea that living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things.
Living matter is always compartmentalized into ____ or more cells.
one
What is cellular composition?
The idea that living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells.
What is metabolism?
Internal chemical reactions
True or false: all chemical reactions that take place inside your body are considered to be a part of your metabolism
True
Define responsiveness in biology
The ability to sense and react to stimulate (irritability or excitability).
Define movement in biology
The movement of organisms and/or of substances within the organism.
Define homeostasis
Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions (regardless of external conditions)
What is the one word that can sum up many of the topics covered in A&P one and two?
Homeostasis
Define development in biology
Differentiation and growth
Differentiation and growth make up the concept of ________.
development.
Give an example of why monitoring development is important to medicine
Looking a developing fetus in the womb to see if structures are differentiating and growing at the typical rates.
Define reproduction
Producing copies of themselves; passing genes to offspring.
Define evolution in biology
Changes in genes at the population level
Give an example of evolution that is relevant to modern medicine
Bacteria evolving to resist antibiotics on a population level.
What is the general idea of the body’s structural hierarchy of complexity?
Atoms are the least complex component of life, organisms are the most complex.
