Lab 10: Nervous System II Flashcards
What is the basic function of the frontal lobe?
Skeletal muscle (somatic) motor control
What are the basic functions of the occipital lobe?
Visual cortex and association area
What are the basic functions oft he temporal lobe?
Auditory and olfactory
What is the basic function of the parietal lobe?
Somatosensory
What is the basic function of the insula lobe? (deep to temporal and parietal lobes)
Gustation
What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?
Central sulcus
What is located just anterior to the central sulcus?
The primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe
What is located just posterior to the central sulcus?
The primary somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe
What do the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up?
The cerebrum
What connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows them to communicate?
The corpus callosum
The outer layer of the cerebrum where most of the gray matter is located is called the ___________ _________
cerebral cortex
Define the thalamus and its basic function
Two hemispheres of gray matter connected by an intermediate mass
Function: “gateway to the cerebral cortex”; relay center
The fluid-filled space between the two halves of the thalamus is called the _________ ________
third ventricle
Define the hypothalamus and describe its basic function
Connects to pituitary gland by the infundibulum
Function: autonomic control center (includes the thirst, hunger, and satiety centers and temperature regulator)
What are the 4 regions of the diencephalon?
1) Thalamus
2) Hypothalamus
3) Pineal gland
4) Optic chiasma
Define the pineal gland and describe its basic function
Small pine-cone shaped ball of tissue located superior and caudal to the thalamus
Function: secretes melatonin
Define the optic chiasma
Found in front of the pituitary gland; looks like an X (where cranial nerve ii, the optic nerve, crosses)
The surface of the cerebrum is called the _____. The tops of the bumps are called ______ and the ridges are called _____.
cortex. gyri; sulci
The ______ fissure separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum
longitudinal
What is the cerebellum and what are its functions?
A tree-like shape of white matter called arbor vitae surrounded by gray matter called the cerebellar cortex.
Functions: helps with coordination and time perception; helps with stored movements (ex: hitting a golf ball for the 10000th time)
What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Define the pons
Looks like the “adams apple” of the brainstem
What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?
It’s the control center that includes the respiratory and cardiovascular centers, which control breathing and heart rate/ blood pressure.
What is the acronym to help remember the order of the cranial nerves?
Oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly
What is the acronym to help remember whether the cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both?
Some say money matters but my brother says big brains matter more
List the cranial nerves in order from 1 to 12
1) Olfactory nerve
2) Optic nerve
3) Oculomotor nerve
4) Trochlear nerve
5) Trigeminal nerve
6) Abducens nerve
7) Facial nerve
8) Vestibulocochlear nerve
9) Glossopharyngeal nerve
10) Vagus nerve
11) Accessory (spinal) nerve
12) Hypoglossal nerve
Name the function of the olfactory nerve and where it travels through
Function: smell (sensory only)
Goes through: olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Name the function of the optic nerve and where it travels through
Function: vision (sensory only)
Goes through: optic canal of the sphenoid bone
Name the function of the oculomotor nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates
Function: movement of the eyeball
Goes through: superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone.
Controls: superior rectus, interior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique
Name the function of the trochlear nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates
Function: movement of the eyeball
Travels through: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Controls: superior oblique muscle
Name the function of the trigeminal nerve and name the muscles it innervates
Functions: sensations of the face; chewing
Controls: masseter and temporalis
Name the function of the abducens nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates
Function: movement of the eyeball laterally
Goes through: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Controls: lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Name the function of the facial nerve and what muscles it innervates
Function: facial expression; taste
Muscles: all of the muscles of facial expression
Name the functions of the vestibulocochlear nerve
Equilibrium and hearing
Name the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve
Taste; movement of the pharynx during swallowing and speech, and secretion of saliva
Name the functions of the vagus nerve
Taste; swallowing, coughing, and parasympathetic stimulation [of the heart and digestive tract]
Name the functions of the accessory (spinal) nerve and what muscles it innervates
Functions: swallowing, movement of the head and shoulders
Controls: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Name the functions of the hypoglossal nerve and name the muscles it innervates
Functions: movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing.
Controls: genioglossus muscle
Name the nerves that travel through the superior orbital fissure
Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves
What are the white and gray matter parts of the cerebellum called?
White: arbor vitae
Gray: cerebellar cortex
Blood enters through the _____ _______ of the brain’s ventricles and is turned into CSF
choroid plexuses
Where is CSF reabsorbed back into blood?
The arachnoid villi of the subarachnoid space and central canal of the spinal cord
Name the 4 ventricles of the brain
1) Left lateral ventricle
2) Right lateral ventricle
3) Third ventricle
4) Fourth ventricle
