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Anatomy and Physiology I > Lab 10: Nervous System II > Flashcards

Lab 10: Nervous System II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic function of the frontal lobe?

A

Skeletal muscle (somatic) motor control

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2
Q

What are the basic functions of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual cortex and association area

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3
Q

What are the basic functions oft he temporal lobe?

A

Auditory and olfactory

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4
Q

What is the basic function of the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory

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5
Q

What is the basic function of the insula lobe? (deep to temporal and parietal lobes)

A

Gustation

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6
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Central sulcus

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7
Q

What is located just anterior to the central sulcus?

A

The primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe

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8
Q

What is located just posterior to the central sulcus?

A

The primary somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe

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9
Q

What do the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up?

A

The cerebrum

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10
Q

What connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows them to communicate?

A

The corpus callosum

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11
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum where most of the gray matter is located is called the ___________ _________

A

cerebral cortex

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12
Q

Define the thalamus and its basic function

A

Two hemispheres of gray matter connected by an intermediate mass
Function: “gateway to the cerebral cortex”; relay center

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13
Q

The fluid-filled space between the two halves of the thalamus is called the _________ ________

A

third ventricle

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14
Q

Define the hypothalamus and describe its basic function

A

Connects to pituitary gland by the infundibulum

Function: autonomic control center (includes the thirst, hunger, and satiety centers and temperature regulator)

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15
Q

What are the 4 regions of the diencephalon?

A

1) Thalamus
2) Hypothalamus
3) Pineal gland
4) Optic chiasma

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16
Q

Define the pineal gland and describe its basic function

A

Small pine-cone shaped ball of tissue located superior and caudal to the thalamus
Function: secretes melatonin

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17
Q

Define the optic chiasma

A

Found in front of the pituitary gland; looks like an X (where cranial nerve ii, the optic nerve, crosses)

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18
Q

The surface of the cerebrum is called the _____. The tops of the bumps are called ______ and the ridges are called _____.

A

cortex. gyri; sulci

19
Q

The ______ fissure separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

longitudinal

20
Q

What is the cerebellum and what are its functions?

A

A tree-like shape of white matter called arbor vitae surrounded by gray matter called the cerebellar cortex.
Functions: helps with coordination and time perception; helps with stored movements (ex: hitting a golf ball for the 10000th time)

21
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

22
Q

Define the pons

A

Looks like the “adams apple” of the brainstem

23
Q

What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?

A

It’s the control center that includes the respiratory and cardiovascular centers, which control breathing and heart rate/ blood pressure.

24
Q

What is the acronym to help remember the order of the cranial nerves?

A

Oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly

25
Q

What is the acronym to help remember whether the cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both?

A

Some say money matters but my brother says big brains matter more

26
Q

List the cranial nerves in order from 1 to 12

A

1) Olfactory nerve
2) Optic nerve
3) Oculomotor nerve
4) Trochlear nerve
5) Trigeminal nerve
6) Abducens nerve
7) Facial nerve
8) Vestibulocochlear nerve
9) Glossopharyngeal nerve
10) Vagus nerve
11) Accessory (spinal) nerve
12) Hypoglossal nerve

27
Q

Name the function of the olfactory nerve and where it travels through

A

Function: smell (sensory only)

Goes through: olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

28
Q

Name the function of the optic nerve and where it travels through

A

Function: vision (sensory only)

Goes through: optic canal of the sphenoid bone

29
Q

Name the function of the oculomotor nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates

A

Function: movement of the eyeball
Goes through: superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone.
Controls: superior rectus, interior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique

30
Q

Name the function of the trochlear nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates

A

Function: movement of the eyeball
Travels through: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Controls: superior oblique muscle

31
Q

Name the function of the trigeminal nerve and name the muscles it innervates

A

Functions: sensations of the face; chewing
Controls: masseter and temporalis

32
Q

Name the function of the abducens nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates

A

Function: movement of the eyeball laterally
Goes through: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Controls: lateral rectus muscle of the eye

33
Q

Name the function of the facial nerve and what muscles it innervates

A

Function: facial expression; taste
Muscles: all of the muscles of facial expression

34
Q

Name the functions of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Equilibrium and hearing

35
Q

Name the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Taste; movement of the pharynx during swallowing and speech, and secretion of saliva

36
Q

Name the functions of the vagus nerve

A

Taste; swallowing, coughing, and parasympathetic stimulation [of the heart and digestive tract]

37
Q

Name the functions of the accessory (spinal) nerve and what muscles it innervates

A

Functions: swallowing, movement of the head and shoulders
Controls: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

38
Q

Name the functions of the hypoglossal nerve and name the muscles it innervates

A

Functions: movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing.
Controls: genioglossus muscle

39
Q

Name the nerves that travel through the superior orbital fissure

A

Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves

40
Q

What are the white and gray matter parts of the cerebellum called?

A

White: arbor vitae
Gray: cerebellar cortex

41
Q

Blood enters through the _____ _______ of the brain’s ventricles and is turned into CSF

A

choroid plexuses

42
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed back into blood?

A

The arachnoid villi of the subarachnoid space and central canal of the spinal cord

43
Q

Name the 4 ventricles of the brain

A

1) Left lateral ventricle
2) Right lateral ventricle
3) Third ventricle
4) Fourth ventricle

Anatomy and Physiology I (39 decks)

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