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Anatomy and Physiology I > Lab 6 - Musculoskeletal System I > Flashcards

Lab 6 - Musculoskeletal System I Flashcards

1
Q

Define a process and give an example

A

A bony projection

Ex: Mastoid process of temporal bone

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2
Q

Define a tubercle and give an example

A

A small rounded projection

Greater tubercle of humerus

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3
Q

Define tuberosity and give an example

A

Usually a rough, elevated area of a bone

Ex: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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4
Q

Define trochanter and give an example

A

A large, rounded projection

Ex: greater trochanter of femur

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5
Q

Define condyle and give an example

A

A rounded articular projection

Ex: mandibular condyle of mandible

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6
Q

Define crest and give an example

A

A ridge of bone

Ex: iliac crest of ilium

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7
Q

List the terms that can be used to describe projections of bone

A 
Process
Tubercle
Tuberosity
Trochanter
Condyle
Crest
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8
Q

What are projections of bone typically used for?

A

As attachment sites for muscles or ligaments

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9
Q

List the terms that can be used to describe holes or depressions in bone

A

Foramen
Fissure
Notch
Fossa

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10
Q

Define foramen and give an example

A

Round or oval opening through a bone (usually used for blood vessels or nerves)
Ex: olfactory foramina of ethmoid bone

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11
Q

Define fissure and give an example

A

A narrow, slit-like opening

Ex: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

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12
Q

Define notch and give an example

A

An indentation or large groove in a bone

Ex: greater sciatic notch of coxal bone

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13
Q

Define fossa and give an example

A

A shallow depression

Ex: mandibular fossa of temporal bone

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14
Q

Name the joints of the skull

A

Cranial sutures (coronal, lambdoid, squamous, and sagittal) and temporomandibular joint

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15
Q

Name the 8 cranial bones

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid

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16
Q

Describe the two main features of the occipital bone

A

1) The foramen magnum: a hole to let the brainstem in

2) The occipital condyles: round kidney bean shapes around foramen magnum

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17
Q

Describe the 4 main features of the temporal bones

A

1) External acoustic meatus: external auditory canal, a hole
2) Mastoid process: look like lines below the EAM
3) Styloid process: looks like a pointy stylus
4) Mandibular fossa: shallow depression

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18
Q

Describe the 5 main features of the sphenoid bone

A

1) Greater wings (smaller part of sphenoid)
2) Lesser wings (bigger, more inferior part of sphenoid)
3) Sella turcica: brain sits there
4) Superior orbital fissure: spike/triangle shaped holes in the eye socket
5) Optic canal: lets the optic nerve in through the medial wall of eye socket

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19
Q

Describe the 3 main features of the ethmoid bone

A

1) Cribriform plates: the portion of the ethmoid located at the base of the skull
2) Olfactory foramina: has tiny holes
3) Crista galli: the meninges anchor to it

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20
Q

Describe the location of the ethmoid bone

A

Between the eyes; makes up the medial wall of the eye socket

21
Q

What are the origin and insertion for the sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: sternum and clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process

22
Q

Define the prime mover/ agonist

A

The main muscle(s) doing the movement

23
Q

Describe the synergist

A

Muscles that help the prime mover

24
Q

Describe the antagonist

A

Does the opposite movement of the prime mover

25
Q

Describe the fixator

A

The muscle that stabilizes and holds everything else still

26
Q

Describe the difference between flexion and extension

A

Flexion: “bending”; decreases the angle between two bones
Extension: “straightening”; increases the angle between two bones

27
Q

What muscle is responsible for the flexion of the head and neck?

A

Sternocleidmastoid

28
Q

What muscle is responsible for the extension of the head and neck?

A

Trapezius

29
Q

What muscle is responsible for wrinkling the forehead and lifting the eyebrows?

A

Frontalis

30
Q

What muscle is the agonist to frontalis?

A

Occipitalis

31
Q

What muscle is responsible for squinting and winking?

A

Orbicularis oculi

32
Q

What muscle is responsible for smiling/ pulling the corners of the mouth up?

A

Zygomaticus

33
Q

What muscle is a synergist to the zygomaticus and responsible for pulling the mouth laterally?

A

Risorius

34
Q

What muscle is responsible for puckering the lips?

A

Orbiularis oris

35
Q

What muscle is responsible for the elevation of the mandible (chewing)?

A

Temporalis and masseter

36
Q

What muscle is responsible for compressing cheeks, sucking, and assists in chewing by directing food between molars?

A

Buccinator

37
Q

What muscle protrudes the lower lip as in pouting and wrinkles the chin?

A

Mentalis

38
Q

What muscle elevates the upper lip?

A

Levator labii superioris

39
Q

What muscle pulls the lower lip down as in pouting?

A

Depressor labii inferioris

40
Q

What muscle protrudes the tongue and moves it side to side?

A

Genioglossus

41
Q

What is the internal muscle that’s the prime mover for inhalation?

A

Diaphragm

42
Q

What is the muscle that elevates the ribs and assists in inhalation by increasing the size of the thoracic cavity?

A

External intercostals

43
Q

What is the muscle that depresses and retracts ribs for forced expiration and decreases the size of the thoracic cavity?

A

Internal intercostals

44
Q

What is the muscle that flexes the waist as in sit-ups and compresses the abdominal viscera (as in urination, defecation, childbirth, and vomiting)?

A

Rectus abdominis

45
Q

What is the most superficial muscle located on the lateral abdomen, produces twisting at the waist, and compresses abdominal viscera?

A

External oblique

46
Q

What is the middle muscle layer on the lateral abdomen, produces twisting at the waist, and compresses abdominal viscera?

A

Internal oblique

47
Q

What is the deepest muscle layer on the lateral abdomen that compresses the abdominal viscera?

A

Transverse abdominis

48
Q

What two muscles of the trunk are responsible for side-to-side abdominal movements?

A

External oblique and internal oblique

49
Q

Describe the location of the sphenoid bone

A

It makes up the backs of the eye sockets

Anatomy and Physiology I (39 decks)

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