Smartbooks Chapter 3 Flashcards
The plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids and which of the following? Protein Calcium Carbohydrates Cellulose
Protein
What is the simplest structural and functional unit of living things?
Cells
What do voltage-gated ion channels open in response to?
A change in membrane potential
Cells that line the intestine are taller than they are wide and therefore described as what?
Columnar
Tissue fluid is also called ______.
Interstitial fluid
Which cellular structure is critical for identifying your body’s own healthy cells from transplanted tissue?
Glycocalyx
The majority of the plasma membrane can be described as a bilayer of
_____ with associated proteins.
phospholipids
Extensions of the cell membrane that serve to increase surface area are called
Microvilli
Squamous cells line the ____
esophagus
When the concentration of a substance differs from one area to another, this creates a concentration
gradient
Smaller molecules diffuse ______ larger molecules.
faster than
A membrane coating called the
______ is chemically unique in everyone but identical twins.
glycocalyx
Water and electrolytes can cross a cell membrane through which of the following? Transporters Vesicles Cholesterol molecules Channels
Channels
Extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell’s surface area are called ______.
microvilli
Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. What does this mean?
Some compounds can permeate (pass through) the membrane while others cannot.
The movement of water in and out of the renal tubules can be increased or decreased. The tubular cells are able to do this, by changing the number of water channels, also called
_____ in their membranes.
aquaporins
A(n) ______ solution has a lower osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of the cell and tends to cause osmotic swelling and lysis of cells.
hypotonic
Which factors would increase the rate of diffusion?
Decreased temperature
Decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound
Increased concentration difference
Increased cell surface area
Decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound
Increased concentration difference
Increased cell surface area
A cell placed into which solution will lose water by osmosis?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Which of the following molecules can readily diffuse through a cell membrane? Lipid-soluble molecules Hydrophobic molecules Nonpolar molecules Large hydrophilic molecules
Lipid-soluble molecules
Hydrophobic molecules
Nonpolar molecules
What is a protein that participates in transmembrane transport called?
A carrier
What are the membrane channels that allow the movement of water across a membrane called?
Aquaporins
When all carriers are saturated, the transport of the molecule levels off at a rate called what?
Transport maximum
Cells placed in a(n) ______ solution will swell and burst due to water moving into the cell.
hypotonic
A(n) ____ solution has a higher osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of cells and tends to cause the cells to undergo osmotic shrinkage.
hypertonic
Mechanisms for moving substances across the plasma membrane that require the use of cellular ATP include which of the following: vesicular transport passive diffusion osmosis active transport
vesicular transport and active transport
The Na+-K+ pump moves ______ Na+ ions from the ICF to the ECF while simultaneously moving ______ K+ ions from the ECF into the ICF.
3; 2
In which process does a solute bind to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane?
Carrier-mediated transport
The general term for the cell process in which the membrane invaginates, forming vesicles that bring extracellular particles or droplets of fluid into the cell, is known as ___
endocytosis
The Na+-K+ pump is a good example of which type of transport?
Primary active transport
Which cytoskeletal elements resist stresses placed on a cell and participate in junctions that attach some cells to their neighbors?
Intermediate filaments
What are the three types of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated
The organelle which controls cellular activity is the
Nucleus
The process of using a carrier to passively transport a solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient is known as
____ diffusion.
facilitated
Which of the following best defines chromatin?
Particles on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Tubular structures forming the centrioles
Folds of the inner membrane within mitochondria
Fine threads of DNA and protein
Fine threads of DNA and protein
The vesicular transport process of discharging material from a cell is called
exocytosis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize lipids
_____ filaments are thicker and stiffer than microfilaments and participate in cell-to-cell adhesion.
Intermediate
What is the large centrally-located organelle visible with a light microscope called?
Nucleus
Where are proteins, such as enzymes, that are to be secreted from the cells produced?
Ribosomes on the ER
The fine thread-like genetic material (the form of DNA) found within the nucleus of a non-dividing cell is called
chromatin
The organelle that resembles stacked membranous sacs and is involved in “packaging” is the _____ complex.
golgi
Which membrane-bound organelle contains a mixture of enzymes that function in digesting foreign matter, pathogens, and expired organelles?
Lysosome
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize proteins
Which cytoskeletal elements resist stresses placed on a cell and participate in junctions that attach some cells to their neighbors?
Intermediate filaments
Which organelle contains enzymes needed to neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol, other drugs, and blood-borne toxins?
Peroxisome
______ are the organelles that read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins.
Ribosomes
Which organelle is comprised of stacked cisternae that synthesize carbohydrates?
Golgi complex
Which organelle is has a double unit membrane?
Mitochondria
_____ are the organelles that digest and dispose of worn-out mitochondria and other organelles by a process called autophagy.
Lysosomes
Which organelles participate in cell division?
Centrioles
Which endoplasmic reticulum has tubular, branched cisternae, and lacks ribosomes?
Smooth ER
The membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes and oxygen used to oxidize organic material is the _____
peroxisome
Which of the following are small granules of RNA and protein that provide a site for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Basal bodies and the axonemes of flagella and cilia originate from which non-membranous organelles?
Centrioles
Which of the following is a short cylindrical assembly of microtubules arranged in nine groups of three?
Centrioles
