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Anatomy and Physiology I > Smartbooks Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Smartbooks Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q 
The plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids and which of the following?
Protein
Calcium
Carbohydrates
Cellulose
A

Protein

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2
Q

What is the simplest structural and functional unit of living things?

A

Cells

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3
Q

What do voltage-gated ion channels open in response to?

A

A change in membrane potential

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4
Q

Cells that line the intestine are taller than they are wide and therefore described as what?

A

Columnar

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5
Q

Tissue fluid is also called ______.

A

Interstitial fluid

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6
Q

Which cellular structure is critical for identifying your body’s own healthy cells from transplanted tissue?

A

Glycocalyx

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7
Q

The majority of the plasma membrane can be described as a bilayer of
_____ with associated proteins.

A

phospholipids

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8
Q

Extensions of the cell membrane that serve to increase surface area are called

A

Microvilli

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9
Q

Squamous cells line the ____

A

esophagus

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10
Q

When the concentration of a substance differs from one area to another, this creates a concentration

A

gradient

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11
Q

Smaller molecules diffuse ______ larger molecules.

A

faster than

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12
Q

A membrane coating called the

______ is chemically unique in everyone but identical twins.

A

glycocalyx

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13
Q 
Water and electrolytes can cross a cell membrane through which of the following?
Transporters
Vesicles
Cholesterol molecules
Channels
A

Channels

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14
Q

Extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell’s surface area are called ______.

A

microvilli

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15
Q

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. What does this mean?

A

Some compounds can permeate (pass through) the membrane while others cannot.

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16
Q

The movement of water in and out of the renal tubules can be increased or decreased. The tubular cells are able to do this, by changing the number of water channels, also called
_____ in their membranes.

A

aquaporins

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17
Q

A(n) ______ solution has a lower osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of the cell and tends to cause osmotic swelling and lysis of cells.

A

hypotonic

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18
Q

Which factors would increase the rate of diffusion?
Decreased temperature
Decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound
Increased concentration difference
Increased cell surface area

A

Decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound
Increased concentration difference
Increased cell surface area

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19
Q

A cell placed into which solution will lose water by osmosis?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic

A

Hypertonic

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20
Q 
Which of the following molecules can readily diffuse through a cell membrane?
Lipid-soluble molecules
Hydrophobic molecules
Nonpolar molecules
Large hydrophilic molecules
A

Lipid-soluble molecules
Hydrophobic molecules
Nonpolar molecules

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21
Q

What is a protein that participates in transmembrane transport called?

A

A carrier

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22
Q

What are the membrane channels that allow the movement of water across a membrane called?

A

Aquaporins

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23
Q

When all carriers are saturated, the transport of the molecule levels off at a rate called what?

A

Transport maximum

24
Q

Cells placed in a(n) ______ solution will swell and burst due to water moving into the cell.

A

hypotonic

25
Q

A(n) ____ solution has a higher osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of cells and tends to cause the cells to undergo osmotic shrinkage.

A

hypertonic

26
Q 
Mechanisms for moving substances across the plasma membrane that require the use of cellular ATP include which of the following:
vesicular transport
passive diffusion
osmosis
active transport
A

vesicular transport and active transport

27
Q

The Na+-K+ pump moves ______ Na+ ions from the ICF to the ECF while simultaneously moving ______ K+ ions from the ECF into the ICF.

A

3; 2

28
Q

In which process does a solute bind to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane?

A

Carrier-mediated transport

29
Q

The general term for the cell process in which the membrane invaginates, forming vesicles that bring extracellular particles or droplets of fluid into the cell, is known as ___

A

endocytosis

30
Q

The Na+-K+ pump is a good example of which type of transport?

A

Primary active transport

31
Q

Which cytoskeletal elements resist stresses placed on a cell and participate in junctions that attach some cells to their neighbors?

A

Intermediate filaments

32
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated

33
Q

The organelle which controls cellular activity is the

A

Nucleus

34
Q

The process of using a carrier to passively transport a solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient is known as
____ diffusion.

A

facilitated

35
Q

Which of the following best defines chromatin?
Particles on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Tubular structures forming the centrioles
Folds of the inner membrane within mitochondria
Fine threads of DNA and protein

A

Fine threads of DNA and protein

36
Q

The vesicular transport process of discharging material from a cell is called

A

exocytosis

37
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize lipids

38
Q

_____ filaments are thicker and stiffer than microfilaments and participate in cell-to-cell adhesion.

A

Intermediate

39
Q

What is the large centrally-located organelle visible with a light microscope called?

A

Nucleus

40
Q

Where are proteins, such as enzymes, that are to be secreted from the cells produced?

A

Ribosomes on the ER

41
Q

The fine thread-like genetic material (the form of DNA) found within the nucleus of a non-dividing cell is called

A

chromatin

42
Q

The organelle that resembles stacked membranous sacs and is involved in “packaging” is the _____ complex.

A

golgi

43
Q

Which membrane-bound organelle contains a mixture of enzymes that function in digesting foreign matter, pathogens, and expired organelles?

A

Lysosome

44
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize proteins

45
Q

Which cytoskeletal elements resist stresses placed on a cell and participate in junctions that attach some cells to their neighbors?

A

Intermediate filaments

46
Q

Which organelle contains enzymes needed to neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol, other drugs, and blood-borne toxins?

A

Peroxisome

47
Q

______ are the organelles that read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins.

A

Ribosomes

48
Q

Which organelle is comprised of stacked cisternae that synthesize carbohydrates?

A

Golgi complex

49
Q

Which organelle is has a double unit membrane?

A

Mitochondria

50
Q

_____ are the organelles that digest and dispose of worn-out mitochondria and other organelles by a process called autophagy.

A

Lysosomes

51
Q

Which organelles participate in cell division?

A

Centrioles

52
Q

Which endoplasmic reticulum has tubular, branched cisternae, and lacks ribosomes?

A

Smooth ER

53
Q

The membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes and oxygen used to oxidize organic material is the _____

A

peroxisome

54
Q

Which of the following are small granules of RNA and protein that provide a site for protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

55
Q

Basal bodies and the axonemes of flagella and cilia originate from which non-membranous organelles?

A

Centrioles

56
Q

Which of the following is a short cylindrical assembly of microtubules arranged in nine groups of three?

A

Centrioles

Anatomy and Physiology I (39 decks)

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