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medical terminology > unit 4 (integumentary system) - medical vocabulary > Flashcards

unit 4 (integumentary system) - medical vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands that produces pimples on the skin

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2
Q

albinism

A

an inherited condition that prevents the normal production of melanin, resulting in extremely pale skin and white hair

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3
Q

allergy skin test

A

a test used to identify allergies

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4
Q

alopecia

A

hair loss that results from genetics, normal aging, illness, or drugs used to treat certain diseases

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5
Q

anesthetic

A

a drug that causes a reversible loss of sensation or pain; used to temporarily deaden pain

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6
Q

antibiotic

A

a drug that fights or prevents bacterial infections

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7
Q

antifungal

A

a drug used to fight off fungal infections

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8
Q

antipruritic

A

a drug used to inhibit itching

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9
Q

antiviral

A

a drug used to treat viral infections, such as herpes

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10
Q

arrector pili

A

bundles of small muscle fibers

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11
Q

autograft

A

the surgical transfer of tissue from one part of a patient’s body to another part of the same body

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12
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

a commonly slow-growing, malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis that typically does not metastasize

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13
Q

basal layer

A

the deepest layer of the epidermis that is constantly growing and multiplying, with younger cells pushing old cells to the surface

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14
Q

blepharoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the eyelid

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15
Q

biologic

A

a drug derived from living organisms through molecular biology techniques; used to disrupt the autoimmune response in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

biopsy

A

the removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination

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17
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue through the application of heat, cold, or an electrical current

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18
Q

chemical peel

A

the use of chemicals to remove outer layers of the skin

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19
Q

cicatrix

A

a scar left by a healed wound

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20
Q

collagen

A

a fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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21
Q

corticosteroid

A

a drug used to treat skin conditions linked to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases

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22
Q

cryosurgery

A

the destruction of abnormal tissue through freezing with liquid nitrogen

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23
Q

curettage

A

the removal of tissue by scraping the surface

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24
Q

cuticle

A

a narrow band of epidermal tissue attached to the surface of the nail

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25
Q

cyanosis

A

the appearance of a blue or purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to insufficient blood oxygen or poor circulation

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26
Q

cyst

A

a closed, thick-walled sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material that develops in a cavity or other structure of the body

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27
Q

debridement

A

the removal of damaged tissue and foreign debris to prevent infection and promote healing

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28
Q

dermabrasion

A

the use of abrasive materials to remove layers of skin

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29
Q

dermatologist

A

a physician who diagnoses and treats conditions and diseases of the skin, hair, and nails

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30
Q

dermatology technician

A

a specialized medical assistant who works in the skin-care field

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31
Q

dermoplasty

A

the replacement of damaged skin with donor skin from a different region of the body

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32
Q

dermis

A

the layer of skin that lies directly below the epidermis, and which is made up of connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands

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33
Q

ecchymosis

A

black-and-blue or purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin

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34
Q

eczema

A

acute or chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, itchiness, and edema (swelling)

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35
Q

epidermis

A

the outermost layer of skin

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36
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tissue, composed of densely packed cells, that covers the surface of the body and also lines internal organs and cavities

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37
Q

excisional biopsy

A

the surgical removal of an entire lesion or tumor

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38
Q

excretion

A

the process of eliminating waste products from the body

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39
Q

exfoliative cytology

A

a biopsy in which living tissue is scraped

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40
Q

first-degree burn

A

a skin burn characterized by superficial epidermal lesions

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41
Q

fissure

A

a groove or crack; also known as a sore

42
Q

gangrene

A

necrosis, or death, of tissue due to loss of blood supply, followed by bacterial infection

43
Q

gland

A

a cell, or group of cells, that secretes select substances within or out of the body

44
Q

hair follicles

A

tiny secretory cavities from which hair grows

45
Q

hair shaft

A

the nongrowing part of a hair that protrudes from the skin

46
Q

immunosuppressant

A

a drug used to treat certain conditions (psoriasis and eczema, for example) by suppressing the immune system

47
Q

impetigo

A

bacterial infection of the skin characterized by vesicles (small, fluid-filled sacs), pustules (small, pus-filled blisters) and crusted-over lesions

48
Q

incision and drainage (I&D)

A

a procedure in which an incision is made through the skin to drain fluid or an abscess

49
Q

incisional biopsy

A

a biopsy in which an incision is made to remove small piece of tissue

50
Q

integumentary system

A

body system composed of the skin and its accessories

51
Q

intradermal skin test

A

a test in which different substances are injected into the skin to test for allergic reactions

52
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

malignant cancer that causes erythematous (red) or purplish patches in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat or in other organs and tissues; a disease often seen in AIDS patients

53
Q

keloid

A

an abnormally raised, thickened scar

54
Q

keratin

A

a fibrous, water-repellent protein

55
Q

laser therapy

A

the use of laser light waves to treat skin conditions

56
Q

lipectomy

A

the surgical removal of fat below the skin

57
Q

lipids

A

a group of organic compounds that lubricate the skin and minimize water loss

58
Q

lipocytes

A

cells that manufacture and store fat

59
Q

liposuction

A

the use of suction during surgery to remove fat below the skin

60
Q

lunula

A

the semilunar (half-moon shaped), white area at the proximal end of the nail

61
Q

macule

A

a small, flat, discolored (brownish or red) lesion on the skin; also known as a freckle

62
Q

malignant melanoma

A

a cancerous growth composed of melanocytes that begins as an irregularly shaped macule and then changes color and texture; classified as level I, II, III, or IV, depending on the level of penetration

63
Q

melanin

A

pigment responsible for the skin’s color and which also helps protect skin against the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun

64
Q

melanocytes

A

cells located in the epidermis that contain and produce dark brown-to-black pigments called melanin

65
Q

Mohs surgery

A

a surgical method for treating skin cancer; thin, tumorous skin layers are successively removed and examined, the process continuing until there is no evidence of the tumor

66
Q

mucous membrane

A

a thin, pliable layer of tissue that lines any body cavity that opens to the outside world (for example, the nasal passage)

67
Q

nail plate

A

the hard, translucent part of the nail

68
Q

nail root

A

the area of the dermis on which the nail rests

69
Q

nails

A

accessory organs of the skin that are made of hard keratin

70
Q

needle biopsy

A

a biopsy in which a hollow needle is used to remove a core sample of tissue

71
Q

nevus

A

a highly pigmented lesion of the skin that is flat or raised; also known as a mole

72
Q

nodule

A

a solid skin elevation larger than one centimeter in diameter; may develop in the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous layer

73
Q

papule

A

a solid skin elevation with distinct borders and a diameter of less than one centimeter; also known as a pimple

74
Q

perspiration

A

the fluid excreted by sweat glands, also known as sweat

75
Q

petechia

A

round, pinpoint spots on the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage

76
Q

polyp

A

a small, mushroom-like growth, typically benign, that extends from the surface of a mucous membrane

77
Q

psoriasis

A

a chronic disease marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silvery patches

78
Q

punch biopsy

A

a biopsy in which a rotating place is used to produce a cylindrical core of tissue

79
Q

purpura

A

a purple or brownish-red rash in which blood leaks from vessels into the skin or mucous membranes

80
Q

pustule

A

a small, infected skin elevation that contains pus; also known as an abscess

81
Q

rhytidectomy

A

the elimination of wrinkles by surgically removing skin from the face

82
Q

scabies

A

a contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus (itching)

83
Q

scleroderma

A

a chronic, progressive disease of the skin marked by hardening and shrinking of connective tissue, which causes edema or pain in the muscles or joints

84
Q

sclerotherapy

A

the injection of a medical solution, such as saline, into varicose veins or spider veins to remove these veins

85
Q

scratch test

A

a type of allergy skin test; the forearm is scratched with lancets and a variety of substances

86
Q

sebaceous glands

A

glands that secrete sebum and are located in the dermal layer of the skin

87
Q

sebum

A

an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair

88
Q

second-degree burn

A

a skin burn characterized by epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia

89
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis; may grow in other organs lined with epithelial cells

90
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

the upper layer of the epidermis

91
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

the deepest layer of the skin

92
Q

sweat glands

A

tiny, coiled glands that secrete sweat (perspiration) and are located in the dermis

93
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

a chronic, inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, joints, and internal organs; autoimmune disease

94
Q

third-degree burn

A

a skin burn in which the epidermis and dermis are destroyed

95
Q

tinea

A

a skin infection caused by a fungus

96
Q

ulcer

A

an open sore or an erosion of the skin or lining of a mucous membrane

97
Q

urticaria

A

condition characterized by hives with localized swelling and itching

98
Q

varicose veins

A

veins that have a twisting appearance due to loss of elasticity

99
Q

vesicle

A

a small, raised skin lesion filled with clear fluid; also known as a blister

100
Q

vitiligo

A

loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin, creating the appearance of milky-white patches

101
Q

wart

A

a small, hard, benign skin growth caused by a virus (usually a papillomavirus)

102
Q

wheal

A

a smooth, slightly swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin; a characteristic of hives

medical terminology (27 decks)

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