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medical terminology > unit 13 (male reproductive) - medical vocabulary > Flashcards

unit 13 (male reproductive) - medical vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ablation

A

the removal or destruction of a body part; sometimes used to treat conditions such as prostate cancer; may involve surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, extreme cold, or radiation

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2
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

an infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); interferes with the immune system, decreasing the body’s ability to fight infection

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3
Q

anorchia

A

the congenital absence of one or both testes; can interfere with sperm production and secretion of testosterone; also called anorchism

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4
Q

antibiotics

A

drugs used to fight or prevent bacterial infections

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5
Q

azoospermia

A

the absence of sperm in the semen, leading to infertility

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6
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of the glans penis characterized by redness, pain, and unusual penile discharge; often associated with phimosis

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7
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland; characterized by frequent or difficult urination; also called prostatomegaly or benign prostatic hypertrophy

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8
Q

chlamydia

A

a common bacterial infection that often does not cause symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include pain in the genital area and discharge from the penis (or the vagina in a female)

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9
Q

cholesterol level

A

a test in which blood is measured to determine the level of cholesterol in a patient’s blood; high cholesterol levels are a risk factor for erectile dysfunction

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10
Q

circumcision

A

a process during which the foreskin is removed from the penis

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11
Q

circumcision

A

the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis; reduces the risks of STIs, penile cancers, and urinary tract infections; is generally performed a few days after birth

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12
Q

conception

A

the fertilization of the ovum by a sperm

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13
Q

cryosurgery

A

a surgical procedure in which infected or abnormal cells or tissues are frozen in order to destroy or remove them

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14
Q

cryptorchidism

A

a developmental defect in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum; if left untreated, may increase risks for testicular cancer and infertility

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15
Q

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

a bacterial culture performed to isolate and identify bacteria that may be causing various infections, particularly STIs such as gonorrhea

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16
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

a procedure in which a physician inserts a gloved finger into the rectum, which lies next to the prostate, to check the prostate for enlargement

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17
Q

ejaculation

A

the process of expelling semen from the penis

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18
Q

electrocautery

A

the destruction or burning of tissue using an electric current to pass heat through the tissue; is often considered the method of choice for performing vasectomies

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19
Q

epididymis

A

a large tube that supports the testis

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20
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis; characterized by testalgia, hematuria, an inflamed scrotum, dysuria, and unusual penile discharge

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21
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

the inability of a male to achieve or maintain a penile erection; also called impotence

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22
Q

erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs

A

drugs that increase the flow of blood into the penis so that, when a man is sexually stimulated, he can achieve an erection

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23
Q

erection

A

the process during which the penis becomes enlarged and stiff

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24
Q

fasting blood sugar (FBE)

A

a blood test used to measure the glucose levels in a patient’s blood; abnormal levels affect blood circulation to the penis

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25
Q

flagellum

A

a tail that is present on sperm

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26
Q

fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test

A

a syphilis blood test that involves the use of antibodies specific to the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which causes the disease

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27
Q

gametes

A

sex cells have half the chromosomes that other body cells have

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28
Q

genital warts

A

warts on the shaft of the penis; caused by the human papillomavirus, or HPV

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29
Q

glans penis

A

the soft, sensitive area at the distal end of the penis

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30
Q

gonads

A

glands that are responsible for producing gametes

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31
Q

gonorrhea

A

a bacterial infection of the genital tract, causing dysuria and pyorrhea. Infection may spread to other body parts, such as the eye, oral mucosa, rectum, and joints

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32
Q

gynecomastia

A

condition of abnormal breast enlargement in a male

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33
Q

herpes genitalis

A

infection of the skin and mucosa of the genitals; caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV); characterized by small, fluid-filled blisters and ulcers

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34
Q

hormone therapy

A

the use of supplemental hormones to treat a hormone deficiency

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35
Q

hydrocele

A

the condition of a fluid-filled sac in or around a testis; characterized by swelling of the scrotum or testes

36
Q

infertility

A

a condition in which a couple is unable to achieve pregnancy after a year or more of unprotected sexual intercourse; may be due to a number of reproductive diseases or conditions in males or females

37
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

a hormone that stimulates the testes to produce testosterone

38
Q

oligospermia

A

the condition of an abnormally low number of sperm in the semen; can affect fertility

39
Q

oncologist

A

a physician who specializes in patients who have been diagnosed with cancer

40
Q

orchiectomy

A

the surgical removal of one or both testes; also known as castration

41
Q

orchiopexy

A

a surgical procedure used to move an undescended testis into the scrotum

42
Q

penis

A

an organ composed of spongy erectile tissue that becomes engorged with blood when a male is aroused; contains the male urethra, which is responsible for carrying urine and semen out of the body

43
Q

pharmacist

A

a healthcare professional who focuses on safe and effective medication use

44
Q

phimosis

A

a condition in which the opening of the foreskin of the penis is so narrow that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis; can lead to inflammation and cancer

45
Q

prostate biopsy

A

the removal of a tissue sample of the prostate for testing; used to diagnose prostate cancer and other prostate abnormalities

46
Q

prostate cancer

A

a malignant tumor of the prostate; characterized by dysuria, pain, and blood in the semen; one of the most common cancers in men over the age of 50

47
Q

prostate gland

A

a gland that surrounds the upper end of the urethra and secretes a thick fluid that lowers the acidity of semen

48
Q

prostate ultrasound

A

a test in which sound waves are used to help identify conditions such as prostate enlargement and testicular torsion

49
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay

A

a test to determine the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood

50
Q

prostatectomy

A

the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland; is often done to remove cancer

51
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate; characterized by dysuria, polyuria, and pelvic pain

52
Q

prostatorrhea

A

a condition in which an abnormal flow of prostatic fluid is discharged through the urethra

53
Q

puberty

A

the period during which levels of sex hormones increase and primary and secondary sexual characteristics develop

54
Q

radiation therapy

A

the use of radiation to fight cancer in the body; is often used for cancers of the male reproductive system

55
Q

radical prostatectomy

A

the surgical removal of the entire prostate gland, as well as the seminal vesicles and part of the surrounding tissue

56
Q

rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

A

a syphilis blood test that is commonly used to screen pregnant females for syphilis; is also used to monitor a patient’s reaction to syphilis treatment

57
Q

scrotum

A

a sac-like pouch of skin that hangs between the male’s thighs and encloses, protects, and supports the testes

58
Q

semen

A

the sperm-containing that is expelled from the penis during sexual intercourse

59
Q

semen analysis

A

a microscopic examination of the semen performed as part of a fertility study or to confirm the result of a vasectomy; is performed on freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume of semen and the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm

60
Q

seminal vesicles

A

two glands located at the base of the male urinary bladder

61
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

a dense network of small tubes within each testis in which sperm forms

62
Q

sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

A

infections transmitted through sexual intervourse or other genital contact; also called venereal disease (VD)

63
Q

sperm

A

the male sex cells

64
Q

spermatic cord

A

a tube that carries the sperm toward the pelvic region and the ejaculatory duct

65
Q

spermatogenesis

A

sperm development

66
Q

surgical technician

A

a healthcare worker who assists physicians and nurses in the operating room; also known as a scrub tech or operating room technician

67
Q

syphilis

A

a chronic bacterial infection that can affect any organ in the body, and which goes through four phases: primary syphilis, secondary syphilis, latent syphilis, and late syphilis

68
Q

testes

A

the male gonads; also known as testicles

69
Q

testicular cancer

A

cancer involving one or both testes; is most commonly found in men between the ages of 15 and 40

70
Q

testicular self-examination (TSE)

A

an examination performed by the patient, usually monthly, as a screening procedure for testicular cancer

71
Q

testicular torsion

A

a twisting of the spermatic cord, which can cut off the blood supply to the testes; occurs suddenly and is a true emergency requiring surgery

72
Q

testitis

A

inflammation of one or both testes; characterized by pain or swelling in the testes; also called orchitis

73
Q

testosterone

A

a hormone responsible for the male secondary sex characteristics

74
Q

testosterone level

A

a blood test performed to measure levels of testosterone

75
Q

thyroid function test (TFT)

A

a panel of tests used to determine how well the thyroid is functioning

76
Q

transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS)

A

a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the wall of the rectum into the prostate to obtain a tissue sample for testing; is the most common prostate biopsy method

77
Q

transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)

A

a procedure in which needles are used to direct radio waves into the prostate to cause scar tissue, which shrinks the prostate gland; is used when an enlarged prostate causes urinary symptoms; also called radiofrequency (RF) ablation therapy

78
Q

transurethral prostate biopsy

A

a prostate biopsy in which a cystoscope is threaded through the urethra to the level of the prostate

79
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

the removal of all or part of the prostate through the urethra; is often used to treat BP and other conditions that cause an enlarged prostate

80
Q

trichomoniasis

A

an infection caused by a parasite; in males, it may not cause any symptoms, but when symptoms are present, they may include a penile discharge and pain

81
Q

varicocele

A

a varicose vein in the spermatic cord; may result in a lump or mass in the scrotum; also may cause infertility

82
Q

varicocelectomy

A

the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele

83
Q

vas deferens

A

the secretory duct of the testis, which extends from the epididymis and joins with the excretory duct of the seminal gland; also known as the ductus deferens

84
Q

vasectomy

A

the surgical procedure in which a portion of the vas deferens is removed and the free ends are folded and ligated, or tied, resulting in sterilization, or the permanent inability to conceive children

85
Q

vasovasostomy

A

a surgical procedure in which the vas deferens that were cut during a vasectomy are restored

86
Q

venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL)

A

an older, but still commonly used, blood test that screens for syphilis

medical terminology (27 decks)

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