Unit 1.5b Flashcards
Why can living organisms reproduce?
Because our cells can divide
How long does it take prokaryotes, like bacteria, to divide?
It can be as short as 20 minutes
How long does it take eukaryotes to divide?
On average, it takes around 24 hours
Why does it take so long for eukaryotes to divide in comparison to prokaryotes?
Because they go through the cell cycle, which is more complex
Why is the cell cycle complex in comparison to other ways cells divide?
It’s more complex due to organelles and the cell having lots of chromosomes containing DNA and proteins
What is the complex containing DNA and proteins in chromosomes called?
Chromatin
Why is cell division important in multicellular organisms?
It allows cells to grow and replace dead cells, which therefore repairs damaged tissues
What is the cell cycle?
It’s to process in which a cell goes through to duplicate its content
What is the product of the cell cycle?
Two genetically identical daughter cells
Do all cells need to be replicated at the same rate?
No, some cells will be replicated more often than others due to the need for being replaced and some will never replicate
Why do some cells never divide?
Some cells never divide as they are so specialised
What causes cells in the liver to divide?
They must be stimulated
How is the cell cycle regulated?
Cell cycle is regulated by control system which responds to intra an extra cellular signals
What would happen if the rate of the cell cycle is altered?
There would be serious consequences
What is a proto-oncogene?
It’s a normal gene often involved in the control of cell growth and division
What is formed when a proto-oncogene mutates?
A tumour-promoting oncogene is formed