Unit 1.2a Flashcards
What is the proteome?
It’s the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome
Why is the proteome bigger than the genome?
Because of alternative RNA splicing, which means multiple proteins can be made from a single gene
What is the genome?
An organisms entire hereditary information encoded in its DNA, introns and exons included
When mRNA is transcribed in eukaryotic cells, what does it include?
introns and exons
what are introns?
They non-coding parts of mRNA. They are not expressed and they are spliced out.
What are exons?
They are coding parts of mRNA, and they are expressed in the protein
How many genes can be made from the human genome?
20-25,000
How many genes can be made from the human proteome?
> 1000000
What are the reasons for expressed proteins changing?
- metabolic cell activity
- Cellular stress
- In response to hormones
- Disease
What does gene expression result in?
Not all genes being expressed as proteins
What technique is used for genome analysis?
Gel-electrophoresis
Do non-coding RNA genes code for proteins?
No they do not
What do non-coding RNA genes do?
They make tRNA, rRNA and RNA molecules. They also control the expression of other genes.
