Ultrasound: Liver, Spleen, & Urinary Tract Flashcards
Compare the appearance of the spleen and the liver on ultrasound
Spleen more hyperechoic (whiter) than liver
Liver has bright/well-defined portal vein walls
Normal gallbladder
Hypoechoic liver
What diseases cause a hypoechoic liver?
Congestion
Lymphoma/round cell neoplasia
Acute heptatitis
Histoplasmosis
Rickettsia
IMHA
Hyperechoic liver
What diseases cause a hyperechoic liver?
Steroid hepatopathy
Vacuolar hepatopathies
Lymphoma
Lipidosis
Cholestasis
Amyloidosis
Cirrhosis
Liver - mixed echogenicity
What diseases cause a mixed echogenicity liver?
Carconima
Lymphoma
Vacuolar hepatopathy with nodular regeneration
Chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Liver nodular hyperplasia
What does liver nodular hyperplasia look like on ultrasound?
Multiple nodules (usually)
Hypoechoic (but can be anything)
Hepatic neoplasia (melanoma mets)
What does hepatic neoplasia look like on ultrasound?
Solitary nodule/mass, multiple nodules, diffuse infiltrate
Many different patterns/echogenicities
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Normal spleen
What does a normal spleen look like on ultrasound?
Most hyperechoic organ
Homogenous
Finely stipled parenchyma
Capsule seen as distinct hyperechoic line
What causes splenomegaly (without parenchymal change)?
Sedation/anesthesia
Anemias
Lymphoid hyperplasia
Extramedullary hematopoeisis
Round cell/hematopoetic neoplasia
GSDs (normal breed variant)
What causes splenomegaly (with diffuse or nodular parenchymal change)?
Lymphoid hyperplasia
Extramedullary hematopoeisis
Round cell/hematopoetic neoplasia
Hemangiosarcoma/hemangioma
Metastatic neoplasia
Granulomatous disease
Amyloidosis
Splenomegaly with parenchymal change
Splenic lymphoma