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VM728: Imaging > Ultrasound: Liver, Spleen, & Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Ultrasound: Liver, Spleen, & Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Compare the appearance of the spleen and the liver on ultrasound

A

Spleen more hyperechoic (whiter) than liver
Liver has bright/well-defined portal vein walls

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2
Q
A

Normal gallbladder

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3
Q
A

Hypoechoic liver

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4
Q

What diseases cause a hypoechoic liver?

A

Congestion
Lymphoma/round cell neoplasia
Acute heptatitis
Histoplasmosis
Rickettsia
IMHA

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5
Q
A

Hyperechoic liver

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6
Q

What diseases cause a hyperechoic liver?

A

Steroid hepatopathy
Vacuolar hepatopathies
Lymphoma
Lipidosis
Cholestasis
Amyloidosis
Cirrhosis

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7
Q
A

Liver - mixed echogenicity

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8
Q

What diseases cause a mixed echogenicity liver?

A

Carconima
Lymphoma
Vacuolar hepatopathy with nodular regeneration
Chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis

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9
Q
A

Liver nodular hyperplasia

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10
Q

What does liver nodular hyperplasia look like on ultrasound?

A

Multiple nodules (usually)
Hypoechoic (but can be anything)

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11
Q
A

Hepatic neoplasia (melanoma mets)

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12
Q

What does hepatic neoplasia look like on ultrasound?

A

Solitary nodule/mass, multiple nodules, diffuse infiltrate
Many different patterns/echogenicities

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13
Q
A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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14
Q
A

Normal spleen

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15
Q

What does a normal spleen look like on ultrasound?

A

Most hyperechoic organ
Homogenous
Finely stipled parenchyma
Capsule seen as distinct hyperechoic line

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16
Q

What causes splenomegaly (without parenchymal change)?

A

Sedation/anesthesia
Anemias
Lymphoid hyperplasia
Extramedullary hematopoeisis
Round cell/hematopoetic neoplasia
GSDs (normal breed variant)

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17
Q

What causes splenomegaly (with diffuse or nodular parenchymal change)?

A

Lymphoid hyperplasia
Extramedullary hematopoeisis
Round cell/hematopoetic neoplasia
Hemangiosarcoma/hemangioma
Metastatic neoplasia
Granulomatous disease
Amyloidosis

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18
Q
A

Splenomegaly with parenchymal change

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19
Q
A

Splenic lymphoma

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20
Q

What does splenic lymphoma look like on ultrasound?

A

Poorly defined to well-defined hypoechoic nodules
“Swiss cheese”
Lymphadenopathy

21
Q

What does splenic hemangiosarcoma look like on ultrasound?

A

Variably sized mass with variable echogenicity
+/- cavitation

22
Q
A

Splenic hemangiosarcoma

23
Q
A

Splenic hemangiosarcoma

24
Q

What are the normal measurements of the kidney on ultrasound?

A

Cats: 3.0 - 4.4cm
Dogs: variable

25
Q
A

Normal liver

26
Q
A

Normal kidney

27
Q

What can cause focal changes to the kidney on ultrasound?

A

Nodules/masses
Mineralization
Cortical defects
Cysts

28
Q
A

Diffuse hyperechoic renal cortices

29
Q
A

Diffuse hyperechoic renal cortices

30
Q
A

Hyperechoic, heterogenous splenic mass
Sarcoma

31
Q
A

Hyperechoic, heterogenous splenic mass
Sarcoma

32
Q

What are rule outs for solid splenic nodules/masses?

A

Most commonly neoplasia, less likely granuloma, pyogranuloma, abscesses, or hematomas

33
Q

What are rule outs for complex splenic nodules/masses?

A

Hematoma, abscess, granuloma, neoplasia

34
Q
A

Incidental renal mass

35
Q
A

Renal lymphoma

36
Q
A

Renal lymphoma

37
Q

What are ultrasound characteristics of renal cysts?

A

Smooth margins
Ovoid/spherical
Usually anechoic contents

38
Q
A

Decreased corticomedullary distinction with cyst

39
Q
A

Incidental renal cyst

40
Q
A

Polycystic kidney disease

41
Q

What are common ultrasound findings of chronic kidney disease?

A

Decreased corticomedullary distinction
Hyperechoic cortex +/- medulla
Cortical defects/irregular margins
Decreased size
Focal mineralization
Pelvic dilation

42
Q
A

CKD

43
Q
A

CKD

44
Q
A

Urinary bladder

45
Q
A

Urinary bladder with debris

46
Q
A

Focal renal mineralization

47
Q
A

Single stone in urinary bladder

48
Q
A

Urinary bladder - cystitis
Thickened wall, worse cranioventrally

49
Q
A

Urinary bladder - TCC

VM728: Imaging (30 decks)

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