Equine Carpus Flashcards by D. M.

Q

What are the 5 routine radiographs for the carpus?

A

LM
Flexed LM
DP
DLPMO
DMPLO

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Q

Which bones go up with a flexed LM view?

A

Intermediate carpal bone
4th carpal bone

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Q

What surfaces are highlighted with the DLPMO?

A

Lateral palmar
Dorsal medial
Accessory carpal bone is lateral

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Q

What surfaces are highlighted with the DMPLO?

A

Dorsolateral
Palmarmedial

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Q

What is the laterality of the accessory carpal bone?

A

Lateral

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Q

What is the laterality of the ulna?

A

Lateral

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Q

What view?

A

LM

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Q

What view?

A

Flexed LM

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Q

What view?

A

DP

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Q

What view?

A

DLPMO

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Q

What view?

A

DMPLO

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Q

Name each bone

A

Lateral

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Q

Name each bone

A

Lateral

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Q

Name each bone

A

Flexed lateral

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Q

Name each bone

A

DP

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Q

Name each bone

A

DLPMO

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Q

Name each bone

A

DMPLO

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Q

What are the 3 routine radiographs of the carpus?

A

DP
DLPMO
DMPLO

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Q

Name the bones

A

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Q

A

Normal variants of the carpus

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Q

A

Osteoarthritis
Pink = osteophyte, green = enthesophyte

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Q

Which bone is this change on?

A

Radial carpal bone

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Q

Define: Osteophyte

A

Osseous proliferation at the articular margin (at the junction of the articular cartilage and the periosteum) - indicator of joint disease

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Q

Define: Enthesophyte

A

Osseous proliferation at the insertion of ligaments/tendons/joint capsule on the bone

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Q

What is indicative of intracapsular swelling?

A

Dorsal displacement of the fat pad = effusion/synovial proliferation

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Q

A

Dorsal enthesophytes associated with the joint capsule

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Q

Where is sclerosis of the carpal bone most common?

A

Radial facet of the third carpal bone

Q

A

Third carpal bone sclerosis

Q

Define: Marginal Fracture

A

“Chip” or “corner”
Occur at periarticular margins of carpal bones - involves one subchondral bone surfaces

Q

Define: Slab Fracture

A

Fracture extends through a carpal bone - involves two articular surfaces

Q

A

Marginal/chip fracture
Craniomedial

Q

A

Marginal/chip fracture
Craniomedial

Q

A

Marginal/chip fracture
DLPMO
Chronic

Q

A

Marginal/chip fracture
Chronic

Q

What is indicative of a chronic fracture?

A

Rounded smooth margins
+/- Adjacent bone resorption (pink)
+/- Rim of sclerosis (blue)

Q

What is indicative of an acute fracture?

A

Sharp angular margin
Regional soft tissue thickening

Q

A

C3 slab fracture - non-displaced

Q

A

C3 slab fracture - non-displaced

Q

Identify the indicated bones

A

Q

A

Normal variant
Ulnar lateral styloid process - incomplete fusion with the radius

Q

A

Normal variant
Ulnar lateral styloid process - incomplete fusion with the radius

Q

What view? What bone?

A

Avulsion fracture
DLPMO, ulnar bone

Q

Where are the most common sites of fracture in the antebrachiocarpal joint?

A

Proximal intermediate CB
Proximal radial CB
Distal medial radius

Q

Where are the most common sites of fracture in the middle carpal joint?

A

Distal radial CB
Distal intermediate CB
Proximal third CB

Q

What are the 3 most common locations for cyst like lesions to be seen?

A

2nd, ulnar, radial carpal bones

Q

A

Osseous cyst-like lesion
Ulnar carpal bone

Q

A

Osseous cyst-like lesion

Q

A

Radial exostosis
at the level of the physis

Q

A

Osteochondroma
Cartilage capped exostosis, proximal to the physis

Q

A

Radial osteochondroma/exostosis

Q

A

Radial osteochondroma/exostosis

Q

A

Residual ulna

Q

A

Q

What joint would you be most concerned about in this horse?

A

Radiocarpal

Q

What is the major difference between foal and adult septic joints?

A

Foal = hematogenous
Adult = direct inoculation

Q

A

Infection

Q

A

Infection

Q

A

Carpal valgus

Q

A

Angular limb deformity
Ligamentous
Mild to moderate incomplete ossification of the cuboidal bones resulting in ‘wider’ joints

Q

A

Angular limb deformity
Malformation/differential growth/crushing of the carpal bones
Results in valgus

Q

A

Incomplete ossification
Premature foal

Q

A

Mild incomplete ossification
3 day old foal

Q

A

Normal ossification
3 day old foal

Q

A

Incomplete ossification
Premature foal

Q

A

Mild incomplete ossification

Q

A

Normal ossification