Equine Carpus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 routine radiographs for the carpus?

A

LM
Flexed LM
DP
DLPMO
DMPLO

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2
Q

Which bones go up with a flexed LM view?

A

Intermediate carpal bone
4th carpal bone

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3
Q

What surfaces are highlighted with the DLPMO?

A

Lateral palmar
Dorsal medial
Accessory carpal bone is lateral

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4
Q

What surfaces are highlighted with the DMPLO?

A

Dorsolateral
Palmarmedial

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5
Q

What is the laterality of the accessory carpal bone?

A

Lateral

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6
Q

What is the laterality of the ulna?

A

Lateral

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7
Q

What view?

A

LM

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8
Q

What view?

A

Flexed LM

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9
Q

What view?

A

DP

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10
Q

What view?

A

DLPMO

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11
Q

What view?

A

DMPLO

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12
Q

Name each bone

A

Lateral

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13
Q

Name each bone

A

Lateral

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14
Q

Name each bone

A

Flexed lateral

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15
Q

Name each bone

A

DP

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16
Q

Name each bone

A

DLPMO

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17
Q

Name each bone

A

DMPLO

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18
Q

What are the 3 routine radiographs of the carpus?

A

DP
DLPMO
DMPLO

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19
Q

Name the bones

A
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20
Q
A

Normal variants of the carpus

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21
Q
A

Osteoarthritis
Pink = osteophyte, green = enthesophyte

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22
Q

Which bone is this change on?

A

Radial carpal bone

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23
Q

Define: Osteophyte

A

Osseous proliferation at the articular margin (at the junction of the articular cartilage and the periosteum) - indicator of joint disease

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24
Q

Define: Enthesophyte

A

Osseous proliferation at the insertion of ligaments/tendons/joint capsule on the bone

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25
Q

What is indicative of intracapsular swelling?

A

Dorsal displacement of the fat pad = effusion/synovial proliferation

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26
Q
A

Dorsal enthesophytes associated with the joint capsule

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27
Q

Where is sclerosis of the carpal bone most common?

A

Radial facet of the third carpal bone

28
Q
A

Third carpal bone sclerosis

29
Q

Define: Marginal Fracture

A

“Chip” or “corner”
Occur at periarticular margins of carpal bones - involves one subchondral bone surfaces

30
Q

Define: Slab Fracture

A

Fracture extends through a carpal bone - involves two articular surfaces

31
Q
A

Marginal/chip fracture
Craniomedial

32
Q
A

Marginal/chip fracture
Craniomedial

33
Q
A

Marginal/chip fracture
DLPMO
Chronic

34
Q
A

Marginal/chip fracture
Chronic

35
Q

What is indicative of a chronic fracture?

A

Rounded smooth margins
+/- Adjacent bone resorption (pink)
+/- Rim of sclerosis (blue)

36
Q

What is indicative of an acute fracture?

A

Sharp angular margin
Regional soft tissue thickening

37
Q
A

C3 slab fracture - non-displaced

38
Q
A

C3 slab fracture - non-displaced

39
Q

Identify the indicated bones

A
40
Q
A

Normal variant
Ulnar lateral styloid process - incomplete fusion with the radius

41
Q
A

Normal variant
Ulnar lateral styloid process - incomplete fusion with the radius

42
Q

What view? What bone?

A

Avulsion fracture
DLPMO, ulnar bone

43
Q

Where are the most common sites of fracture in the antebrachiocarpal joint?

A

Proximal intermediate CB
Proximal radial CB
Distal medial radius

44
Q

Where are the most common sites of fracture in the middle carpal joint?

A

Distal radial CB
Distal intermediate CB
Proximal third CB

45
Q

What are the 3 most common locations for cyst like lesions to be seen?

A

2nd, ulnar, radial carpal bones

46
Q
A

Osseous cyst-like lesion
Ulnar carpal bone

47
Q
A

Osseous cyst-like lesion

48
Q
A

Radial exostosis
at the level of the physis

49
Q
A

Osteochondroma
Cartilage capped exostosis, proximal to the physis

50
Q
A

Radial osteochondroma/exostosis

51
Q
A

Radial osteochondroma/exostosis

52
Q
A

Residual ulna

53
Q
A
54
Q

What joint would you be most concerned about in this horse?

A

Radiocarpal

55
Q

What is the major difference between foal and adult septic joints?

A

Foal = hematogenous
Adult = direct inoculation

56
Q
A

Infection

57
Q
A

Infection

58
Q
A

Carpal valgus

59
Q
A

Angular limb deformity
Ligamentous
Mild to moderate incomplete ossification of the cuboidal bones resulting in ‘wider’ joints

60
Q
A

Angular limb deformity
Malformation/differential growth/crushing of the carpal bones
Results in valgus

61
Q
A

Incomplete ossification
Premature foal

62
Q
A

Mild incomplete ossification
3 day old foal

63
Q
A

Normal ossification
3 day old foal

64
Q
A

Incomplete ossification
Premature foal

65
Q
A

Mild incomplete ossification

66
Q
A

Normal ossification