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VM728: Imaging > Equine Fetlock and Metacarpus/Metatarsus > Flashcards

Equine Fetlock and Metacarpus/Metatarsus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 routine radiographs for the fetlock?

A

DP
Lateral
Flexed lateral
Dorsolateral and dorsomedial obliques

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2
Q

What view?

A

Lateromedial fetlock

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3
Q

What view?

A

Flexed lateral fetlock

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4
Q

What view? What is special about this view in the fetlock?

A

Dorsopalmar
Angle down ~20 degrees to avoid superimposition of the sesamoids over joint/proximal phalanx

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4
Q

What is exposed with the flexed lateral view?

A

Dorsal surface of sagittal ridge

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5
Q

What view?

A

Dorsopalmar

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6
Q

What is the purpose of angling down 15-20 degrees when taking obliques/DP of the fetlock?

A

Raise sesamoids to avoid superimposition

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7
Q

What view?

A

DLPMO

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8
Q

What are the relevant soft tissue structures of the fetlock?

A
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9
Q

What are the 3 types of synovial structures?

A

Joints
Tendon Sheaths
Bursae

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10
Q

What are the 4 routine radiographs of the metacarpus/metatarsus?

A

LM
DP
DMPLO
DLPMO

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11
Q
A

Early/mild osteoarthritis
red = intracapsular soft tissue swelling
green = periarticular osteophytes

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12
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Primary: result of normal wear and tear
Secondary: secondary to trauma, soft tissue injury and instability, primary infection

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13
Q
A

Fetlock osteophyte

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14
Q
A

Fetlock osteophyte

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15
Q
A

Fetlock osteophyte

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16
Q
A

Late/severe osteoarthritis

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17
Q
A

Late/severe osteoarthritis

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18
Q

What is highlighted with the fetlock skyline projection?

A

Dorsal surface of subchondral bone

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19
Q

What view?

A

Fetlock skyline projection

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20
Q

Define: Palmar Osteochondral Disease

A

Flattening of the distal palmar articular margin of MC3 with associated sclerosis

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21
Q
A

Palmar osteochondral disease

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22
Q
A

Progressive palmar osteochondral disease

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23
Q
A

Progressive palmar osteochondral disease

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24
Q
A

Condylar flattening

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25
Q
A

Subchondal lucency

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26
Q

What view?

A

Flexed DP Fetlock

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27
Q
A

Normal sesamoids

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28
Q
A

Normal sesamoids

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29
Q

What is the best view to evaluate sesamoiditis?

A

Obliques

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30
Q
A

Mild sesamoiditis

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31
Q
A

Severe sesamoiditis

32
Q
A

Sesamoiditis

33
Q
A

Sesamoiditis

34
Q

Define: Sesamoiditis

A

Reactive changes to sesamoids
Usually non-septic and often associated with suspensory branch disease
Rad changes: enlarged vascular channels, irregular sesamoid margin, increased opacity

35
Q

Define: Axial Sesamoiditis

A

Resorptive changes associated with intersesamoidean ligament enthesopathy
Irregular lysis on the axial aspect of the sesamoid bones
Can be septic or non-septic

36
Q
A

Axial sesamoiditis

37
Q
A

Axial sesamoiditis

38
Q

What are the 3 types of proximal sesamoid fractures?

A

Apical (proximal 1/3)
Mid-body
Basilar (distal 1/3)

39
Q
A

Apical proximal sesamoid fracture

40
Q
A

Basilar proximal sesamoid fracture

41
Q
A

Mid-body proximal sesamoid fracture

42
Q
A

Dorsal proximal P1 fracture

43
Q

What are the 2 causes of dorsal proximal P1 fractures?

A

Overextension of the fetlock
Osteochrondrosis lesions

44
Q
A

Dorsomedial proximal P1 fragment

45
Q

What is the best view to evaluate MC3/MT3 condylar fractures?

A

Flexed DO or 125DP

46
Q
A

Complete MC3/MT3 condylar fracture

47
Q
A

Incomplete MC3/MT3 condylar fracture

48
Q
A

Periostitis
“bucked shins” leading to stress fractures

49
Q
A

Stress fracture
Acute manifestation of chronic periostitis

50
Q
A

Stress fracture
Acute manifestation of chronic periostitis

51
Q

What causes splint bone fractures in the proximal vs distal halves?

A

Proximal: secondary to trauma (comminuted)
Distal: suspensory injury

52
Q
A

Splint bone fracture
Could have joint involvement

53
Q
A

Splint bone fracture
Could have joint involvement

54
Q
A

Splint bone fracture

55
Q
A

“Splints”
Aka reactive periostitis

56
Q

What soft tissue structure would you be concerned about in this case?

A

Flexor tendon sheath

57
Q

Compare sequestrum and involucrum

A

Sequestrum: sclerotic piece of bone
Involucrum: radiolucent region of bone

58
Q
A

Red = sequestrum (sclerotic piece of bone)
Yellow = involucrum (radiolucent region of bone)

59
Q
A

Sequestrum

60
Q
A

Sequestrum

61
Q
A

Sequestrum

62
Q

How is OCD best evaluated?

A

LM or flexed LM
Typically seen in the sagittal ridge of MC3

63
Q
A

Osteochondrosis

64
Q
A

Osteochondrosis

65
Q
A

Osteochondrosis

66
Q
A

Osteochondrosis

67
Q
A

Osteochondrosis

68
Q
A

Osteochondrosis
Acute (sharp margins)

69
Q
A

Fragment
Sesamoid/P1 separated

70
Q
A
71
Q
A
72
Q
A
73
Q
A

Chronic proliferative synovitis
Yellow = smooth bone resorption

74
Q
A

Sclerosis d/t suspensory ligament enthesopathy

75
Q
A

Normal

76
Q
A

Resorption d/t suspensory ligament enthesopathy

77
Q
A

Heterogenous sclerosis d/t suspensory ligament enthesopathy

78
Q
A

Chronic proliferative synovitis

VM728: Imaging (30 decks)

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