Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
What is the pathophysiology of subaortic and pulmonic stenosis?
Increased resistance of left or right ventricular ejection
Increased ventricular pressure
Ventricular hypertrophy
Turbulent bloodflow through stenotic area
What are the radiographic changes associated with subaortic stenosis?
Narrowing of subvalvular region of aorta/LV
Aortic arch enlarges from turbulent blood flow
LV elongates from hypertrophy
LA enlargement if secondary MV dysfunction
Normal pulmonary vessels until MV dysfunction, then can get pulmonary venous hypertension
What disease?
Subaortic stenosis
Enlarged aorta
What disease?
Subaortic stenosis
Blue = aorta
Red = L atrium
What disease?
Subaortic stenosis
Blue = aorta
Red = L atrium
Green = L auricle
What is the pathophysiology of pulmonic stenosis?
Malformation of the pulmonic valve
Turbulent blood flow causes dilation of main pulmonary artery
Increased resistance to ejection causes R ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary vessels usually normal, may be small due to decreased cardiac output
What are the radiographic changes associated with pulmonic stenosis?
Large MPA
RV enlargement from hypertrophy
Large RV may cause elevation of apex on laterals, increased sternal contact, and bulge in cranial cardiac silhouette at 6 - 9 o’clock
Can see RA enlargement
What disease?
Enlarged MPA and right heart
Pulmonic stenosis
What disease?
Pulmonic stenosis
Large MPA and R heart
What disease?
Pulmonic stenosis
Large MPA and R heart
What disease?
Pulmonic stenosis
Large MPA and R heart
What disease?
Pulmonic stenosis
Large MPA and R heart
What are radiographic signs of mitral valve dysplasia?
LA +/- LV enlargement
Possible pulmonary venous congestion
What disease?
Mitral valve dysplasia
Large LA and slightly tall heart (LV)
What disease?
Mitral valve dysplasia
Large LA and slightly tall heart (LV)
What are the radiographic signs of tricuspid valve dysplasia?
RA enlargement from pressure and volume overload
Pulmonary vessels usually normal but can be small with decreased CO
What disease?
Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Large RA and RV
What disease?
Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Large RA and RV
What are general radiographic signs of shunting lesions?
Overperfused lung = congestion/enlargement of arteries and veins = see peripheral vessels better
What is the pathophysiology of ventricular septal defect?
Communication between right and left ventricles –> L to R shunt
Typically located in the membranous septum
What are radiographic signs of ventricular septal defects?
Often difficult to identify radiographically
Variable generalized heart enlargement
Look for pulmonary overcirculation
What disease?
Ventricular septal defect
Generalized cardiomegaly (enlarged A and V - yellow), enlarged vessels (MPA), abnormal lungs (interstitial)
What disease?
Ventricular septal defect
Generalized cardiomegaly (enlarged A and V - yellow), enlarged vessels (MPA - red), abnormal lungs (interstitial)
What is the pathophysiology of patent ductus arteriosus?
Connects aorta and pulmonary artery
Increased L sided pressure so blood flows from aorta through PDA to MPA
