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VM728: Imaging > Congenital Heart Disease > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathophysiology of subaortic and pulmonic stenosis?

A

Increased resistance of left or right ventricular ejection
Increased ventricular pressure
Ventricular hypertrophy
Turbulent bloodflow through stenotic area

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2
Q

What are the radiographic changes associated with subaortic stenosis?

A

Narrowing of subvalvular region of aorta/LV
Aortic arch enlarges from turbulent blood flow
LV elongates from hypertrophy
LA enlargement if secondary MV dysfunction
Normal pulmonary vessels until MV dysfunction, then can get pulmonary venous hypertension

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3
Q

What disease?

A

Subaortic stenosis
Enlarged aorta

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3
Q

What disease?

A

Subaortic stenosis
Blue = aorta
Red = L atrium

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4
Q

What disease?

A

Subaortic stenosis
Blue = aorta
Red = L atrium
Green = L auricle

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5
Q

What is the pathophysiology of pulmonic stenosis?

A

Malformation of the pulmonic valve
Turbulent blood flow causes dilation of main pulmonary artery
Increased resistance to ejection causes R ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary vessels usually normal, may be small due to decreased cardiac output

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6
Q

What are the radiographic changes associated with pulmonic stenosis?

A

Large MPA
RV enlargement from hypertrophy
Large RV may cause elevation of apex on laterals, increased sternal contact, and bulge in cranial cardiac silhouette at 6 - 9 o’clock
Can see RA enlargement

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7
Q

What disease?

A

Enlarged MPA and right heart
Pulmonic stenosis

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8
Q

What disease?

A

Pulmonic stenosis
Large MPA and R heart

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9
Q

What disease?

A

Pulmonic stenosis
Large MPA and R heart

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10
Q

What disease?

A

Pulmonic stenosis
Large MPA and R heart

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11
Q

What disease?

A

Pulmonic stenosis
Large MPA and R heart

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12
Q

What are radiographic signs of mitral valve dysplasia?

A

LA +/- LV enlargement
Possible pulmonary venous congestion

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13
Q

What disease?

A

Mitral valve dysplasia
Large LA and slightly tall heart (LV)

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14
Q

What disease?

A

Mitral valve dysplasia
Large LA and slightly tall heart (LV)

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15
Q

What are the radiographic signs of tricuspid valve dysplasia?

A

RA enlargement from pressure and volume overload
Pulmonary vessels usually normal but can be small with decreased CO

16
Q

What disease?

A

Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Large RA and RV

17
Q

What disease?

A

Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Large RA and RV

18
Q

What are general radiographic signs of shunting lesions?

A

Overperfused lung = congestion/enlargement of arteries and veins = see peripheral vessels better

19
Q

What is the pathophysiology of ventricular septal defect?

A

Communication between right and left ventricles –> L to R shunt
Typically located in the membranous septum

20
Q

What are radiographic signs of ventricular septal defects?

A

Often difficult to identify radiographically
Variable generalized heart enlargement
Look for pulmonary overcirculation

21
Q

What disease?

A

Ventricular septal defect
Generalized cardiomegaly (enlarged A and V - yellow), enlarged vessels (MPA), abnormal lungs (interstitial)

22
Q

What disease?

A

Ventricular septal defect
Generalized cardiomegaly (enlarged A and V - yellow), enlarged vessels (MPA - red), abnormal lungs (interstitial)

23
Q

What is the pathophysiology of patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Connects aorta and pulmonary artery
Increased L sided pressure so blood flows from aorta through PDA to MPA

24
Q

What are the radiographic signs of patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Large proximal descending aorta
Enlarged main pulmonary artery
LA +/- auricle enlargement
LV enlargement
Enlarged pulmonary arteries and veins due to overcirculation

25
Q

What disease?

A

PDA
Red = MPA
Blue = aorta

26
Q

What disease?

A

PDA
Blue = aorta
Red = MPA
Green = L auricle
Three knuckles sign

27
Q

What is the most common congenital heart disease in dogs?

A

PDA

28
Q

What is the most common congenital heart disease in cats?

A

VSD

29
Q

What is the most common congenital heart disease in horses?

A

VSD

30
Q

What disease?

A

Pulmonic stenosis

31
Q

What disease?

A

Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Large right atrium

32
Q

What disease?

A

Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Large right atrium

33
Q

What disease?

A

Subaortic stenosis
Large aorta (blue), L atrium (red), L auricle (green)

34
Q

What disease?

A

Subaortic stenosis
Large aorta (blue), L atrium (red), L auricle (green)

VM728: Imaging (30 decks)

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