Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VM728: Imaging > Mediastinum, Lymph Nodes, Chest Wall > Flashcards

Mediastinum, Lymph Nodes, Chest Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the structure

A

Normal thymus
“Sail sign”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a mediastinal shift? What causes it?

A

Rightward or leftward displacement of mediastinum (including cardiac silhouette) on DV/VD view
Potential causes: volume loss or increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Identify the abnormality

A

Left-sided mediastinal shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Identify the abnormality

A

Mediastinal shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are potential causes of widening of the cranial mediastinum on VD view?

A

Fat
Masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is normal width of cranial mediastinum on VD view?

A

Dogs: <2x the width of thoracic vertebrae
Cats: same size as thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

Mediastinal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

Mediastinal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

Mediastinal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Mediastinal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 differentials for a cranioventral mediastinal mass?

A
  1. Lymph node enlargement
  2. Thymoma
  3. Brachial/mediastinal cyst
  4. Ectopic thyroid tumor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are radiographic signs of a cranioventral mediastinal mass?

A

VD/DV usually midline mass
All views: displaced trachea, +/- heart, +/- less cranial lung inflation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

Cranioventral mediastinal mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

Cranioventral mediastinal mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are radiographic findings of pneumomediastinum?

A

Large volume of gas = increased visibility of mediastinal structures (trachea, esophagus, major vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

Pneumomediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

Pneumomediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are causes of pneumomediastinum?

A

Tracheal tear/rupture
HBC, bite wound, overinflation of ET rube
Esophageal perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are sternal lymph nodes located?

A

Just dorsal to the 1st-3rd sternebrae on midline
Usually only seen on lateral view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

Sternal lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are cranial mediastinal lymph nodes located?

A

Dorsal to region of sternal lymph nodes
Cranial to cardiac silhouette, ventral to trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

Cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

Cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
A

Sternal and cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where are tracheobronchial lymph nodes located?

A

VD/DV: enlarged middle node = mass between mainstem bronchi
Lateral: carina may be angled ventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
A

Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
A

Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy

29
Q

What are differentials for tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy?

A

Histiocytic sarcoma or lymphoma
Fungal disease

30
Q
A

Histiocytic sarcoma
All thoracic lymph nodes enlarged

31
Q
A

Histiocytic sarcoma
All thoracic lymph nodes enlarged

32
Q
A

Thoracic lymph node enlargement

33
Q

Compare the appearance of tracheobronchial lymph node ls left atrial enlargement?

A
34
Q
A

Normal trachea

35
Q
A

Normal trachea

36
Q

What are causes of tracheal narrowing?

A

Tracheal collapse due to chondromalacia
Small breed dogs
Can be static or dynamic

37
Q
A

Tracheal collapse

38
Q

What radiographic findings are associated with traumatic diaphragmatic hernias?

A

Can’t see part of the diaphragm
Abdominal organs in thorax, soft tissue opaque +/- gas-containing

39
Q
A

Diaphragmatic hernia

40
Q
A

Diaphragmatic hernia

41
Q
A

Diaphragmatic hernia with pleural fluid (common)

42
Q
A

Diaphragmatic hernia

43
Q
A

Diaphragmatic hernia

44
Q

What does a PPDH look like on radiographs?

A

Large cardiac silhouette
Unusual cardiac silhouette contents
Cardiac silhouette merges with ventral diaphragm

45
Q
A

PPDH

46
Q
A

PPDH

47
Q
A

PPDH

48
Q
A

PPDH

49
Q

What does a hiatal hernia look like on radiographs?

A

Portion of the stomach herniates into the thorax, in expected region of thorax (+/- contained gas)
Often intermittent/dynamic (may or may not be seen on radiographs)

50
Q
A

Hiatal hernia

51
Q
A

Hiatal hernia

52
Q
A

Hiatal hernia

53
Q
A

Hiatal hernia

54
Q

Normal Rib Cage

A

13 paired ribs
Symmetric
Evenly spaced

55
Q
A

Rib tumor

56
Q
A

Rib tumor

57
Q

What do rib tumors look like on radiographs?

A

Can be expansile, lytic, or osteoproductive
Look for rib lysis if there is an extrapleural mass
Can be complete lysis of the rib

58
Q

Compare the appearance of extrapleural vs pulmonary masses

A
59
Q
A

Extrapleural mass

60
Q
A

Pulmonary mass

61
Q
A

Rib tumor
Red = osteoproduction
Yellow = soft tissue mass

62
Q
A

Rib tumor

63
Q
A

Rib tumor

64
Q
A

Acute rib fracture

65
Q
A

Acute rib fracture with soft tissue swelling and subcutaneous emphysema

66
Q
A

Healed rib fracture

67
Q
A

Degenerative sternal change
Common, unimportant

68
Q
A

Ill-defined lysis, irregular periosteal proliferation
Neoplasia or osteomyelitis

VM728: Imaging (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions