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VM728: Imaging > Equine Foot and Pastern > Flashcards

Equine Foot and Pastern Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 routine radiographs for the foot?

A

Lateromedial
Dorsopalmar
DP60
DP65
Navicular skyline (proximopalmar to distopalmar
D65Pr-45M/LPaO

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2
Q

What view?

A

Lateromedial

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3
Q
A

Lateromedial
DDF tendon runs along flexor surface of navicular bone

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4
Q

What view?

A

Dorsopalmar

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5
Q
A

Dorsopalmar

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6
Q

What view?

A

DP60
Generator is dorsal and moved 60 degrees proximally - centered on coronary band
Arrow = crena marginalis

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7
Q
A

DP60

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8
Q

What view?

A

DP65
Navicular DP
Generator is dorsal and moved 65 degrees proximally - collimated down to navicular bone
Orange arrow = palmar process of P3

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9
Q
A

DP65

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10
Q

What view?

A

Dorsal 60 proximal 45 lateral/medial palmar oblique
(D60Pr45L/MPaO)
Highlights the medial and lateral margins of P3 and palmar processes

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11
Q

What view?

A

Palmaroproximal to palmarodistal (PaPr-PaDi) - navicular skyline
Highlights the flexor surface of the navicular bone and allows for evaluation of distinction between cortex and medullary bone

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12
Q
A

PaPr-PaDi

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13
Q

Identify the relevant soft tissue structures

A
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14
Q

Identify the relevant soft tissue structures

A
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15
Q

What is normal positive palmar angle?

A

Good!
Solar margin between 3 and 8 degrees

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16
Q

What is a negative palmar angle?

A

Bad!
Solar margin <0 degrees - puts strain on the deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bone

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17
Q

What is a neutral palmar angle?

A

Bad!
Solar margin 0 degrees

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18
Q

What is the normal hoof-pastern axis?

A

P1/P2/P3 almost parallel

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19
Q

What is abnormal hoof-pastern axis?

A

Not parallel
Common with low heel/negative palmar angle conformation

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20
Q

What are the 4 routine radiographs of the pastern?

A

Lateromedial
Dorsopalmar
DMPLO
DLPMO

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21
Q
A

Osteoarthritis

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of osteoarthritis?

A

Primary: result of normal wear and tear
Secondary: secondary to trauma, soft tissue injury and instability, prior infection

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23
Q
A

Early/mild osteoarthritis
Intracapsular soft tissue swelling

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24
Q
A

Early/mild osteoarthritis
Enthesophyte production at the joint capsule insertion

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25
Early/mild osteoarthritis *Periarticular osteophytes*
26
What are characteristics of early/mild osteoarthritis?
Periarticular osteophytes Enthesphyte production
27
What are characteristics of late/severe osteoarthritis?
*Periarticular osteophytes Enthesphyte production* Loss of cartilage results in narrowing of the joint space Subchondral bone sclerosis and/or lucent regions due to demineralization and/or degenerative cystic changes Ankylosiss
28
Late/severe osteoarthritis
29
Late/severe osteoarthritis
30
Late/severe osteoarthritis
31
What anatomical structure lives here?
Collateral ligament
32
Joint space narrowing
33
What are the proportions of normal joint space?
DIP joint is the widest PIP joint is 50% the width of the DIP joint Fetlock joint is 40% the width of the DIP joint
34
When do P1 vs P2 vs P3 fracture?
Athletic activity: P1 and P2 Athletic activity or when kicks stationary object: P3
35
Type I Fracture
Non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture *Most common P3 fracture*
36
Type I Fracture Non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture
37
What is the prognosis for type I fractures?
Favorable
38
Type I fracture: non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture
39
Type I fracture: non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture
40
Type I fracture: non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture *Worse prognosis if involvement of the collateral ligament fossa - pink*
41
Type II Fracture
Articular palmar/plantar process fracture Most common P3 fracture
42
Type II Fracture Articular palmar/plantar process fracture
43
Type II Fracture Articular palmar/plantar process fracture
44
Type II Fracture Articular palmar/plantar process fracture
45
Type III Fracture
Sagittal articular fracture
46
Type III fracture Sagittal articular fracture
47
Type III fracture Sagittal articular fracture
48
Type IV Fracture
Extensor process fracture
49
Type IV fracture Extensor process fracture
50
Type IV fracture Extensor process fracture
51
Type IV fracture Extensor process fracture
52
Type VI Fracture
Solar margin fractures
53
Type VI Solar margin fracture
54
Type VI Solar margin fracture
55
Type VII Fracture
Palmar process fracture in foals
56
Type VII fracture Palmar process fracture in foals
57
Type VII fracture Palmar process fracture in foals
58
P2 fracture
59
P2 fracture
60
P1 fracture
61
P1 fracture
62
P1 fracture
63
P1 fracture (with periosteal reaction)
64
P1 fracture
65
What views are necessary for evaluation of laminitis?
Lateral and DP
66
Normal hoof *No laminitis*
67
Normal dorsal hoof wall *Green arrow = coronary band*
68
What are the 2 main types of laminitis?
Rotational Sinking
69
Rotational laminitis
70
Sinking laminitis
71
Rotational laminitis
72
Sinking laminitis
73
Rotational and sinking laminitis
74
Chronic laminitis
75
Chronic laminitis
76
Synovial invagination of navicular bone
77
Synovial invagination of navicular bone
78
Sclerotic navicular bone
79
Flexor cortex erosions
80
What are the relevant structures for flexor cortex erosions?
DDFT Navicular bursa
81
What view is best for medullary bone and cortex changes?
Skyline view
82
What is the normal parietal surface angle, solar margin angle, and hoof wall thickness?
PSA: 0 - 2 degrees SMA: 3 - 8 degrees HWT: 16mm

VM728: Imaging (30 decks)

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