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VM728: Imaging > Equine Foot and Pastern > Flashcards

Equine Foot and Pastern Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 routine radiographs for the foot?

A

Lateromedial
Dorsopalmar
DP60
DP65
Navicular skyline (proximopalmar to distopalmar
D65Pr-45M/LPaO

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2
Q

What view?

A

Lateromedial

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3
Q
A

Lateromedial
DDF tendon runs along flexor surface of navicular bone

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4
Q

What view?

A

Dorsopalmar

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5
Q
A

Dorsopalmar

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6
Q

What view?

A

DP60
Generator is dorsal and moved 60 degrees proximally - centered on coronary band
Arrow = crena marginalis

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7
Q
A

DP60

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8
Q

What view?

A

DP65
Navicular DP
Generator is dorsal and moved 65 degrees proximally - collimated down to navicular bone
Orange arrow = palmar process of P3

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9
Q
A

DP65

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10
Q

What view?

A

Dorsal 60 proximal 45 lateral/medial palmar oblique
(D60Pr45L/MPaO)
Highlights the medial and lateral margins of P3 and palmar processes

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11
Q

What view?

A

Palmaroproximal to palmarodistal (PaPr-PaDi) - navicular skyline
Highlights the flexor surface of the navicular bone and allows for evaluation of distinction between cortex and medullary bone

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12
Q
A

PaPr-PaDi

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13
Q

Identify the relevant soft tissue structures

A
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14
Q

Identify the relevant soft tissue structures

A
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15
Q

What is normal positive palmar angle?

A

Good!
Solar margin between 3 and 8 degrees

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16
Q

What is a negative palmar angle?

A

Bad!
Solar margin <0 degrees - puts strain on the deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bone

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17
Q

What is a neutral palmar angle?

A

Bad!
Solar margin 0 degrees

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18
Q

What is the normal hoof-pastern axis?

A

P1/P2/P3 almost parallel

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19
Q

What is abnormal hoof-pastern axis?

A

Not parallel
Common with low heel/negative palmar angle conformation

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20
Q

What are the 4 routine radiographs of the pastern?

A

Lateromedial
Dorsopalmar
DMPLO
DLPMO

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21
Q
A

Osteoarthritis

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of osteoarthritis?

A

Primary: result of normal wear and tear
Secondary: secondary to trauma, soft tissue injury and instability, prior infection

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23
Q
A

Early/mild osteoarthritis
Intracapsular soft tissue swelling

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24
Q
A

Early/mild osteoarthritis
Enthesophyte production at the joint capsule insertion

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25
Q
A

Early/mild osteoarthritis
Periarticular osteophytes

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26
Q

What are characteristics of early/mild osteoarthritis?

A

Periarticular osteophytes
Enthesphyte production

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27
Q

What are characteristics of late/severe osteoarthritis?

A

Periarticular osteophytes
Enthesphyte production
Loss of cartilage results in narrowing of the joint space
Subchondral bone sclerosis and/or lucent regions due to demineralization and/or degenerative cystic changes
Ankylosiss

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28
Q
A

Late/severe osteoarthritis

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29
Q
A

Late/severe osteoarthritis

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30
Q
A

Late/severe osteoarthritis

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31
Q

What anatomical structure lives here?

A

Collateral ligament

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32
Q
A

Joint space narrowing

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33
Q

What are the proportions of normal joint space?

A

DIP joint is the widest
PIP joint is 50% the width of the DIP joint
Fetlock joint is 40% the width of the DIP joint

34
Q

When do P1 vs P2 vs P3 fracture?

A

Athletic activity: P1 and P2
Athletic activity or when kicks stationary object: P3

35
Q

Type I Fracture

A

Non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture
Most common P3 fracture

36
Q
A

Type I Fracture
Non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture

37
Q

What is the prognosis for type I fractures?

A

Favorable

38
Q
A

Type I fracture: non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture

39
Q
A

Type I fracture: non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture

40
Q
A

Type I fracture: non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process (wing) fracture
Worse prognosis if involvement of the collateral ligament fossa - pink

41
Q

Type II Fracture

A

Articular palmar/plantar process fracture
Most common P3 fracture

42
Q
A

Type II Fracture
Articular palmar/plantar process fracture

43
Q
A

Type II Fracture
Articular palmar/plantar process fracture

44
Q
A

Type II Fracture
Articular palmar/plantar process fracture

45
Q

Type III Fracture

A

Sagittal articular fracture

46
Q
A

Type III fracture
Sagittal articular fracture

47
Q
A

Type III fracture
Sagittal articular fracture

48
Q

Type IV Fracture

A

Extensor process fracture

49
Q
A

Type IV fracture
Extensor process fracture

50
Q
A

Type IV fracture
Extensor process fracture

51
Q
A

Type IV fracture
Extensor process fracture

52
Q

Type VI Fracture

A

Solar margin fractures

53
Q
A

Type VI
Solar margin fracture

54
Q
A

Type VI
Solar margin fracture

55
Q

Type VII Fracture

A

Palmar process fracture in foals

56
Q
A

Type VII fracture
Palmar process fracture in foals

57
Q
A

Type VII fracture
Palmar process fracture in foals

58
Q
A

P2 fracture

59
Q
A

P2 fracture

60
Q
A

P1 fracture

61
Q
A

P1 fracture

62
Q
A

P1 fracture

63
Q
A

P1 fracture (with periosteal reaction)

64
Q
A

P1 fracture

65
Q

What views are necessary for evaluation of laminitis?

A

Lateral and DP

66
Q
A

Normal hoof
No laminitis

67
Q
A

Normal dorsal hoof wall
Green arrow = coronary band

68
Q

What are the 2 main types of laminitis?

A

Rotational
Sinking

69
Q
A

Rotational laminitis

70
Q
A

Sinking laminitis

71
Q
A

Rotational laminitis

72
Q
A

Sinking laminitis

73
Q
A

Rotational and sinking laminitis

74
Q
A

Chronic laminitis

75
Q
A

Chronic laminitis

76
Q
A

Synovial invagination of navicular bone

77
Q
A

Synovial invagination of navicular bone

78
Q
A

Sclerotic navicular bone

79
Q
A

Flexor cortex erosions

80
Q

What are the relevant structures for flexor cortex erosions?

A

DDFT
Navicular bursa

81
Q

What view is best for medullary bone and cortex changes?

A

Skyline view

82
Q

What is the normal parietal surface angle, solar margin angle, and hoof wall thickness?

A

PSA: 0 - 2 degrees
SMA: 3 - 8 degrees
HWT: 16mm

VM728: Imaging (30 decks)

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