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VM728: Imaging > Pulmonary Patterns, Localization, Pleural Space > Flashcards

Pulmonary Patterns, Localization, Pleural Space Flashcards

1
Q

Lung Pattern? Where is the hilus?

A

Normal lungs

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2
Q

Lung Pattern? Where is the hilus?

A

Normal lungs

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3
Q

What are characteristics of a bronchial lung pattern?

A

End on: thick rings, lucent in center
Long axis: paired thick lines, seen more peripherally, thinner than vessels
Doughnuts and tramtracks

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4
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial

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5
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial

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6
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial

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7
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial

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8
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Normal lung

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9
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial

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10
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial

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11
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial

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12
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of the bronchial lung pattern?

A

Thickening of airways usually due to chronic inflammation

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14
Q

What are causes of a bronchial lung pattern?

A

Allergic/immune-mediated airway disease
Chronic/previous inflammation
Infection

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of an alveolar lung pattern?

A

Soft tissue opaque lung region with at least one of the following: air bronchogram +/- lobar sign +/- border effacement with soft tissues

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16
Q

What is the appearance of an air bronchogram?

A

Lucent airways with surrounding soft tissue opacity
All regional vessels are border effaced

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17
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Alveolar
Air bronchogram

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18
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Alveolar
Air bronchogram

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19
Q

What is the appearance of a lobar sign?

A

Distinct smooth soft tissue opaque margin
At edge of lobe, adjacent to normal lung

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20
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Alveolar
Lobar sign

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21
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Alveolar
Lobar sign

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22
Q

What is the appearance of border effacement?

A

Lose visibility of margins of cardiac silhouette, diaphragm, etc.

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23
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Alveolar
Border effacement

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24
Q

What are causes of an alveolar lung pattern?

A

Edema (cardiogenic or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema)
Blood (trauma, coagulopathy)
Pus (pneumonia, inflammatory)
Neoplasia (primary lung tumor, metastatic neoplasia)
Atelectasis

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25
Q

What are characteristics of an interstitial pattern?

A

Increased background opacity of the lung (not as severe as alveolar - not meeting any of the 3 criteria)
Large pulmonary vessels visible but fuzzy

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26
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Interstitial
Diffuse, marked

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27
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Normal lung

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28
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Right-sided interstitial

29
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Interstitial
Diffuse, marked

30
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Interstitial
Diffuse, marked

31
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Interstitial
Diffuse, moderate

32
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Normal

33
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Interstitial
Diffuse, moderate

34
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Normal

35
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Interstitial
Diffuse, moderate

36
Q
A

Normal lung

37
Q

What are special considerations for interstitial lung patterns?

A

Stuff in interstitial space
Blood: leptospirosis
Neoplasia: lymphoma
Fibrosis

38
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Vascular
Big arteries and veins, solid tubes

39
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Bronchial
Hollow tubes

40
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Alveolar

41
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Interstitial

42
Q

What are radiographic features of underexpansion/atelectasis?

A

Interstitial or alveolar lung pattern with decreased lung volume
Can be one lobe, one region, or entirely of lungs

43
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Atelectasis
Red = alveolar pattern

44
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Atelectasis
Caudodorsal interstitial pattern

45
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Atelectasis
Moderate caudodorsal interstitial pattern

46
Q

Which lung is seen better with which view?

A

Up lung shows lesion better
Right lateral shows left lung better

47
Q

When should a DV view be used?

A

Dyspneic
Better view of dorsal lungs and pulmonary vessels

48
Q
A

Right middle lung lobe

49
Q

Which lung lobe is the mass?

A
50
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Pleural fissure lines

51
Q

What is the appearance of pleural effusion on radiographs?

A

Widened pleural fissure lines
Lungs retracted and rounded

52
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pleural effusion

53
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Moderate right-sided pleural effusion

54
Q
A

Pleural effusion

55
Q
A

Pleural effusion

56
Q

What lung patterns are associated with pleural effusion?

A

Interstitial due to underexpansion or superimposition with soft tissue opaque fluid
Alveolar if atelectasis

57
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pleural effusion

58
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pleural effusion

59
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Mild pleural effusion

60
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Marked pleural effusion

61
Q

How does pleural effusion differ with a VD and DV view?

A

DV: fluid to ventral thorax, heart more easily border effaced by fluid on this side
VD: fluid to dorsal thorax, easier to see pleural fissue lines

62
Q

What does pneumothorax look like on radiographs?

A

Free gas around retracted lung margins
Lack of vessels in gas-filled pleural space

63
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pneumothorax

64
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pneumothorax

65
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pneumothorax

66
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pneumothorax

67
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pneumothorax
Arrows = atelectasis

68
Q

Lung Pattern?

A

Pneumothorax
Arrows = atelectasis

VM728: Imaging (30 decks)

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