SA Fractures Flashcards by D. M. | Brainscape

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Normal: nutrient foramen

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Normal: nutrient foramen

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Normal: nutrient foramen

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Normal: physis
During growth

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Normal: sesamoids

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Normal: sesamoids

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Complete fracture

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Incomplete fracture

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Greenstick fracture

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Q

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Fissure fracture: incomplete fractures that originate at a complete fracture

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Q

Label the following directional terms for bone

A

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Q

When describing a fracture what must be mentioned?

A

Articular involvement
If juvenile with open physes, must mention physeal involvement

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Q

What are Salter-Harris classifications used to describe?

A

Fractures in young patients with open physes

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

I
Physis
Separated

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

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II
Physis + Metaphysis
Above

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

III
Physis + Epiphysis
Articular
Lower

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

IV
Physis + Metaphysis + Epiphysis
Articular
Through and through

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

V
Physis crushed
Rammed

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

Type I
Tibia and fibula

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What Salter-Harris classification?

A

Type II

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Q

Open or closed?

A

Open
Arrows = gas bubbles

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Q

Open or closed?

A

Open
Arrows = gas bubbles

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Q

How are displaced fractures described?

A

In terms of most distal fragment relative to most proximal fragment

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Q

Displacement description

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Laterally and proximally displaced

Q

Displacement description

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Caudally and proximally displaced

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Comminuted fracture

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Comminuted fracture

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Short oblique fracture

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Segmental fracture
Two complete fractures with a fracture segment in the middle

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Butterfly fragment
Triangle fragment made by two oblique fractures

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Butterfly fragment

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Butterfly fragment

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What does an acute fracture look like?

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Sharp fracture fragments
Soft tissue swelling

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What does a chronic fracture look like?

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Rounded margins
Less swelling
Some early calus/periosteal proliferation
May have muscle atrophy

Q

Chronicity?

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Acute

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Chronicity?

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Chronic

Q

What does a traumatic fracture look like?

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Adjacent bone is normal

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What does a pathologic fracture look like?

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Acute fracture with less bone in the area than there should be

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Humeral condyl fracture
Dogs, pot belly pigs

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Humeral condyle fracture due to incomplete ossification of humeral condyle (IOHC)
Spaniel breeds

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Avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity

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Define: Avulsion fracture

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Attaching tendon/ligament pulls fragment of bone

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Capital physeal fracture

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Capital physeal fracture
Displacement may be invisible on standard views

Q

What are the clinical signs of osteomyelitis?

A

Heat
Swelling
Increased lameness

Q

What are the radiographic signs of osteomyelitis?

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7-10d post-infection
Irregular callus, bone lysis
Common around implants

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Osteomyelitis

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Sequestrum

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Sequestrum

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Sequestrum v involucrum

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Involucrum: new bone around sequestrum
Sequestrum: dead bone, sclerotic

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Malunion

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Malunion

Q

Define: Malunion

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Healed in abnormal alignment

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Define: Delayed Union

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Healing taking longer than usual

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Define: Non-Union

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Not making any progress toward healing

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Hypertrophic non-union
Lots of proliferation, no bridging bone

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Atrophic non-union
Bone resorbing at edges