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VM728: Imaging > SA Joints > Flashcards

SA Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis?

A
  1. Joint capsule swelling
  2. Narrowed joint space
  3. Subchondral bone sclerosis
  4. Subchondral bone erosion
  5. Osteophytes
  6. Periarticular enthesophytes
  7. Changes in joint margins/shape
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2
Q
A

Osetoarthrosis
Joint capsule swelling

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3
Q
A

Tarsocrural effusion

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4
Q
A

Osteoarthrosis - Osteophytes
Osseous proliferation at the edge of the articular cartilage

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5
Q
A

Osteoarthrosis - Osteophytes
Moderate

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6
Q

Define: Enthesophyte

A

Osseous proliferation at the insertion of a joint capsule, ligament, or tendon
Increased stress to joint adjacent structures from chronic joint disease

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7
Q
A

Enthesophyte indicating flexor enthesopathy
Osteoarthrosis

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8
Q
A

Osteoarthrosis - Subchondral Bone Sclerosis

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9
Q
A

Osteoarthrosis - Subchondral Bone Erosion

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10
Q
A

Osteoarthrosis - flattening of femoral head and thickening of neck

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11
Q
A

Mild hip osteoarthrosis

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12
Q
A

Mild to moderate osteoarthrosis

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13
Q
A

Severe osteoarthrosis

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14
Q

Define: Osteochondrosis and Osteochondrosis Dissecans

A

Osteochondrosis: developmental defect in cartilage and subchondral bone
OCD: as above, but also a flap of cartilage dissects away, either partially or completely, causing inflammation in the joint

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15
Q

What are the 3 radiographic signs of osteochondrosis?

A
  1. Flat subchondral bone or concave lucent defect
  2. Commonly bilateral
  3. Surrounding bone sclerosis
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16
Q

What are the common regions for osteochondrosis?

A

Shoulder - caudal aspect of humeral head
Elbow - medial aspect of humeral condyle
Stifle - femoral condyles
Tarsus - trochlear ridges of talus

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17
Q
A

Osteochondrosis of caudal aspect of humeral head

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18
Q
A

Osteochondrosis of medial aspect of humeral condyle

19
Q
A

Osteochondrosis of medial femoral condyle

20
Q

What radiographic projection can be used to demonstrate joint instability?

A

Stress views

21
Q
A

Joint instability of lateral collateral ligaments

22
Q
A

Joint instability - carpal hyperextension

23
Q

Define: Luxation

A

Complete loss of contact between articular margins

24
Q

Define: Subluxation

A

Displacement - contact of articular margins that normally don’t OR
Excessive stretching of joint capsule OR
Abnormal shape of joint surface - cannot make normal contact

25
Q
A

Hip luxation

26
Q
A

Hip luxation

27
Q
A

Hip subluxation

28
Q

What is indicative of normal hip joints?

A

> 50% coverage of femoral head by dorsal acetabular rim

29
Q

What causes hip dysplasia? What are the effects?

A

Cause: increased laxity of hip joints
Effect: flattened femoral head, shallow acetabulum, secondary osteoarthrosis

30
Q
A

Hip dysplasia

31
Q
A

Hip dysplasia - hip subluxation

32
Q

What causes elbow dysplasia?

A

Ununited anconeal process
Elbow incongruity
Medial coronoid process disease (+/- fragmentation)

33
Q
A

Elbow dysplasia - ununited anconeal process

34
Q
A

Elbow dysplasia - ununited anconeal process

35
Q
A

Elbow dysplasia - humeroulnar incongruity

36
Q
A

Elbow dysplasia - radioulnar incongruity

37
Q
A

Elbow dysplasia - indistinct medial coronoid process

38
Q
A

Septic arthritis

39
Q

What are the radiographic signs of non-erosive IMPA?

A

Multiple, usually symmetric joints
Joint capsule swelling
+/- osteoarthrosis

40
Q

What are the radiographic signs of erosive (early) IMPA?

A

Mild subchondral bone lysis
Multiple, usually symmetric joints
Joint capsule swelling
+/- osteoarthrosis

41
Q

What are the radiographic signs of erosive (late) IMPA?

A

Severe subchondral bone lysis
Multiple, usually symmetric joints
Joint capsule swelling
Severe osteoarthrosis
Narrowed joint spaces
Joint instability
Collapse of cuboidal bones

42
Q
A

Non-erosive IMPA

43
Q
A

Erosive, severe, chronic IMPA

44
Q

How can you tell the difference between septic arthritis and erosive IMPA?

A

Joint tap

VM728: Imaging (30 decks)

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