Ultrasonography and viewing techniques

Question 1

what kind of beam is received by the ultrasound probe and converted into an image

Answer 1

reflected beams

Question 2

time taken for the echo to return gives depth and location to the structure is called what

Answer 2

interface

Question 3

the loudness of the returning echo gives the brightness on the screen is called what

Answer 3

amplitude

Question 4

Answer 4

sector transducer
- mechanical crystal movement
- commonly used for echocardiography, intrathoracic and intrabdominal organs, regions with small contact area etc.
- disadvantages: reduced near field resolution, diverging far field, must be warmed up before use

Question 5

Answer 5

phased array
- commonly used for echocardiography, thoracic structures, abdominal organs, regions with small contact area
- disadvantage: reduced near field resolution

Question 6

Answer 6

linear array
- commonly used to view abdominal organs, muscles, joints and tendons
- disadvantages: large contact areas, limited field of view

Question 7

Answer 7

curvilinear array
- commonly used for abdominal organs and preg dx

Question 8

Answer 8

microconvex
- best for generic use

Best multiuse

Question 9

what is the effect on the US image if you use low frequency

Answer 9

high depth, low resolution

Question 10

what is the effect of using a high frequency on an US image

Answer 10

poor depth, high resolution

Question 11

what is the ideal frequency fo producing a good US

Answer 11

highest frequency possible to reach desired depth

high frequency=high structure (top of skin)

Question 12

what is the effect of gain on an US

Answer 12

• the amplification applied to the returning echo
• compensates for the sound being quieter when it has to travel farther to return
• turned up for depper tissues (time gain compensation)

Question 13

what is the standard viewing position for a lateral view

Answer 13

• head/cranial end should be to viewers left
• dorsal aspect should be on top

Question 14

what is the standard viewing orientation for ventrodorsal/dorsoventral views

Answer 14

• cranial aspect at top
• left side should be on right side of image

Question 15

what os the standard viewing orientation for mediolateral/lateromedial views of the limbs

Answer 15

• proximal aspect at top
• cranial aspect to the left

Question 16

what is the standard viewing orientation for craniocaudal/caudocranial views of the limbs

Answer 16

• proximal aspect to the top
• no convention whether medial or laterla aspect be left or right

Question 17

what is the standard vieing position for ultrasound imaging

Answer 17

• cranial and right hand side should be to viewers left

some echocardio views will differ

Question 18

what does the term radiolucent refer to

Answer 18

few of the x-rays are absorbed, most pass through to image receptor
ex: gas appaears black

Question 19

what does the term radiopaque refer to

Answer 19

• most of the x-rays are absorbed and very few penetrate through to the image receptor
• ex: dense tissues like bone or metal appear white

Question 20

what does the term soft tissue opacity refer to

Answer 20

soft tissues and fluid have the same radiographic opacity and are described as soft tissue opaque
ex: organs, soft tissues appear grey

Question 21

What does the term anechoic refer to

Answer 21

• structure produces no echo
• sound passes through and is not reflected
• ex: fluids appear black

Question 22

what does the term hypoechoic refer to

Answer 22

• structures that produce little echo
• most sound passes through and is not reflected
• ex: tissues with highh water content appear dark grey

Question 23

what does the term medium echogenicity refer to

Answer 23

• structures produce a medium echo
• medium amount of sound passes through and is reflected
• ex: soft tissues (liver, spleen) appear medium/light grey

Question 24

what does the term hyperechoic refer to

Answer 24

• little sound passes through and most is reflected to the transducer
• ex: gas, bone, mineralized tissue and DCT appear white

Question 25

what does the term homogenous refer to in reference to radiographs

Answer 25

structures with uniform appearance

Question 26

what does the term heterogeneous refer to in the context of radiographs

Answer 26

structures that are non-uniform or have mixed appearance