problems of the neuromuscular system Flashcards
what main factors affect neuromuscular development
- genetics and heredity
- external/exogenous factors/influences from the outside
- teratogens
- trauma
- nutrition
what is a congenital defomity
morphological defects of the body or parts of the body at the time of birth or abortion
what are acquired deformities
abnormalities that develop after birth
what is developmental orthopaedic disease
- a broad term used to encompass a number of disease states
- encompass orthopaedic problems which occur during fetal development and whilst growing ppost-natally
- aetiology multifactorial - exact casue not understood but often genetic component associated
- ex: elbow/hip displaysia, osteochondrosis. flexular and angular limb deformities, hemivertibrae and vertebral malformations
what are causes of congenital developmental orthopaedic disease factors
- intrauterine positioning
- teratogenic factors
- genetic predisposition
- altered vascualr supply to the fetus
what are cuasses of acquired factors that affect the animal after parturition for DOD
- trauma
- nutritional imbalance
- pain/abnormal laoding
what DOD conditions does intrauterine positioning cause
angular and flexural limb deformities
what DOD conditions can teratogenic factors cause
flexural deformities uncommon and difficult to prove but ingestion of locoweed and hybrid sudan grass have been recognized as causes for this deformity
What DOD condition can genetic/breed disposition cause
- osteochondrosis
- joint displaysias
- caudal cervical malformation or “wobbler syndrome”
- hemivertibrae
what DOD conditions are cuased by vascular supply in utero
angular limb deformity due to incomplete ossification of developing bones (USUALLY IN CARPUS/TARSUS)
factors that affect blood supply to the uterus include:
- placentitis
- metabolic disease/malnutrition of the dam
- severe parasite infection of the dam
- twins in mares
