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Y1 NMSK > forelimb > Flashcards

forelimb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the Anconeus muscle

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: olecranon
innervation: Radial Nerve
Function: extends the elbow joint

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2
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the biceps brachii muscle

A

origin: supraglenoid tubercle
insertion: tuberositas radii and medial surface of M. extensor carpi radialis
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
function: extends and stabilises the shwoulder joint and flexes the elbow joint

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3
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the brachialis muscle

A

origin: proximal caudal humerus
insertion: near the M. biceps brachii tendon which inserts on the radial and ulnar tuberosity
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
function: flexes the elbow joint

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4
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the common digital extensor muscle

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus (major) and antebrachial fascia (minor)
insertion: processus extensorius of P3 of digits 2, 3 and 4
innervation: radial nerve
function: extends carpl and phalangeal joints

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5
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the acromial part of the deltoid muscle

A

origin: acromion of scapula
insertion: tuberositas deltoidea of humerus
innervation: axillaris nerve
function: flexion of the shoulder joint and abduction of the humerus

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6
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the spinous part of the deltoid muscle

A

origin: spine of scapula (but not from dorsal border of the scapula as it appears)
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
innervation: axillaris nerve
function: flexion of the shoulder joint and abduction of the humerus

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7
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the extensor carpi radialis

A

origin: crista subracondylaris lateralis humeri
insertion: ossis tuberocity of the metacarpals 2 and 3
innervation: radialis nerve
function: extension of the carpal joint and flexion of the elbow joint

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8
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the flexor carpi radialis

A

origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: bases of the metacarpal bones 2 and 3
innervation: medianus nerve
function: flexion of the carpal joint

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9
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the ulnar flexor carpi ulnaris

A

origin: medial surface of the olecranon
insertion: accessory carpal bone
innervation: ulnaris nerve
function: flexion of forepaw with abduction and also also flexion of carpal joint

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10
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the infraspinatus muscle

A

origin: fossa infraspinata, scapular spine and caudal border of scapla
insertion: facies muscle, infraspinati tuberculum majus humerus
innervation: suprascapularis nerve
function: lateral rotator and abductor of the humerus and flexor or extensor of the shoulder joint depending on the position of the joint when the muscle contracts

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11
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the lateral digital extensor FL

A

origin: arises on cranial edge of the latral collateral ligament of the elbow joint and on the later epicondyles of the humerus
insertion: fuses with extensor digitorum muscle and terminates at distal phalanges of digits 3, 4 and 5
innervation: radialis nerve
function: extends carpal and phalangeal joints of 3, 4 and 5, stabailisation

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12
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the pronator teres

A

origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: medial surface of the radius
innervation: median nerve
function: pronates radioulnar joints and also rotates the forearm so that the dorsal surface of the manus tends to become medial. it may function only as a flexor of the elbow joint

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13
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the superficial digital flexor muscle

A

origin: medial epicondyl of the humerus
insertion: bases of middle phalanx (p2) of digits 2, 3, 4 and 5
innervation: median nerve
function: flexes carpal and proximal phalangeal joints

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14
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the subscapularis muscle

A

origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus
innervation: subscapular and axillaris nerve
function: primarily to adduct and extend the shoulder joint and to draw the humerus cranially during flexion of the joint. aids in maintaining flexion and rotates the humerus medially to prevent lateral rotation of the humerus

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15
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the supraspinatus muscle

A

origin: supraspinata fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve
function: extension of the shoulder joint and advancement of the limb

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16
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the teres major muscle

A

origin: proximal part caudal border of the scapula
insertion: terminates with the latissimus dorsi muscle on crista lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation: axillaris nerve
function: flexion of the shoulder joint and to draw the humerus caudally

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17
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the trapezius muscle

A

origin: median raphe over third cervical to ninth thoracic vertebra
insertion: scapular spine
innervation: accessory nerve
function: rotate scapula mediallt and elevate limb

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18
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the triceps lateral head

A

origin: arises by an aponeurosis on the tricipital line between the tuberosity for the teres minor muscle and the deltoid tuberosity
insertion: olecranon
innervation: radial nerve
function: elbow extension

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19
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the triceps long head

A

origin: disolateral 2 thirds of the caudal border of the scapula and chiefly by tendon on the infraglenoid tuberosity
insertion: caudal olecranon
innervation: radial nerve
function: elbow extension and shoulder flexion

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20
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the triceps medial head

A

origin: arises tendinously on the crista tuberculi minoris of the humerus
insertion: olecranon
innervation: radial nerve
function: elbow extension

21
Q

what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the ulnaris lateralis

A

origin: lateral epicondyl of the humerus
insertion: os carpi accessorium and proximal metacarpal 5
innervation: radial nerve
function: acts as a carpal flexor but is also involved in abduction and lateral rotation of the carpal joint

22
Q

What muscles extend the shoulder

A
  • biceps brachii
  • infraspinatous muscle
  • subscapularis
  • supraspinatus
23
Q

what muscles flex the shoulder

A
  • Acromial deltoid
  • spinous deltoid
  • infraspinatis
  • subscapularis
  • teres major
  • tricep brachii long head
24
Q

what muscles flex the elbow

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • extensor carpi radialis
  • pronator teres
25
Q

what muscles extend the elbow

A
  • anconeus
  • tricep brachii (lateral, long and medial)
26
Q

what muscles flex the carpus

A
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • ulnar flexor carpi ulnaris
  • superficial digital flexor
  • ulnaris lateralis
27
Q

what muscles extend the carpus

A
  • common digital extensor
  • extensor carpi radialis
28
Q

what muscles extend theb metacarpal

A

lateral digital extensor

29
Q

what muscles flex the phlanges

A
  • superficial digital flexor
30
Q

what musces extend the phalanges of the forelimb

A
  • common digital extensor
  • lateral digital extensor
31
Q

what muscles are in the brachial plexus

A
  • biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
  • pectoralis profundus
  • pectoralis superficialis
  • ## triceps medial head
32
Q

what muscles are in the brachial plexus

A
  • biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
  • pectoralis profundus
  • pectoralis superficialis
  • ## triceps medial head
33
Q

what nerves are in the brachial plexus

A
  • axillary nerve
  • brachiocephalic nerve
  • median nerve
  • musculocutaneous nerve
  • phrenic nerve
  • radial nerve
  • suprascapular nerve
  • ulnar nerve
34
Q

what muscle(s) does the axillary nerve innervate

A
  • subscapular
  • teres major
  • teres minor
  • deltoids
35
Q

what muscles does the median nerve innervate

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • superficial digital flexor
  • deep digital flexor
36
Q

what muscle(s) does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A
  • biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
  • brachialis
37
Q

what muscle(s) does the radial nerve innervate

A
  • all extensors of the elbow
  • all extensors of the carpus
  • all extensors of the digital joints
38
Q

what are the ligaments of the shoulder joint

A

lateral and medial glenohumeral ligaments

39
Q

what are the ligaments of the elbow joint

humeroradialulnar

A
  • collateral ligaments (medial and lateral)
  • oblique ligament (runs across the cranial surface of the joint from the humerus to join the medial collateral lig.)
  • annular ligament (holds head of radius against the ulna)
40
Q

what type of joint is the shoulder joint

A
  • acetabular
  • synovial
41
Q

what type of joint is the elbow

A
  • ginglymus (hinge)
  • synovial
42
Q

what type of joint is the carpal joint complex

A
  • synovial
43
Q

what type of joints are the metacarpalphalangeal joints

A
  • ginglymus
  • synovial
44
Q

what type of joint is the interphalangeal joints

A
  • saddle (sellar)
  • synovial
45
Q

what are some clinically relevant conditions of the shoulder joint

A
  1. bicipital bursa can become inflamed due to stresses of exercise or underlying bone pathology
  2. the joint surfaces are known sites of osteochondrosis is many species
46
Q

what are some clinically relevent conditions of the elbow joint

A
  1. dysplasia
  2. fragmentation of the medial coronoid process of the ulna
  3. uninited anconeal process
  4. osteochondrosis of the medial humeral condyle

all 3 lead to degenerative joint disease if not treated early enough

47
Q

what are some clinically relevent conditions fo the carpal joint complex

A
  1. forced exertion of the carpus can cuase impact damage due to contact between radius and the radiocarpal bones
  2. fracture of the accessory carpal bone in horses and racing greyhounds
48
Q

what are some clinically relevant conditions of the metacarpophalangeal joints

A
  1. osteochondrosis seen in the distal sagittal ridge of the metacarpus in horses
49
Q

what are some clinically relevant conditions of the interphalangeal joints

A
  1. dislocations are fairly commonin sporting and working dogs

Y1 NMSK (50 decks)

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