forelimb Flashcards
What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the Anconeus muscle
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: olecranon
innervation: Radial Nerve
Function: extends the elbow joint
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the biceps brachii muscle
origin: supraglenoid tubercle
insertion: tuberositas radii and medial surface of M. extensor carpi radialis
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
function: extends and stabilises the shwoulder joint and flexes the elbow joint
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the brachialis muscle
origin: proximal caudal humerus
insertion: near the M. biceps brachii tendon which inserts on the radial and ulnar tuberosity
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
function: flexes the elbow joint
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the common digital extensor muscle
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus (major) and antebrachial fascia (minor)
insertion: processus extensorius of P3 of digits 2, 3 and 4
innervation: radial nerve
function: extends carpl and phalangeal joints
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the acromial part of the deltoid muscle
origin: acromion of scapula
insertion: tuberositas deltoidea of humerus
innervation: axillaris nerve
function: flexion of the shoulder joint and abduction of the humerus
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the spinous part of the deltoid muscle
origin: spine of scapula (but not from dorsal border of the scapula as it appears)
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
innervation: axillaris nerve
function: flexion of the shoulder joint and abduction of the humerus
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the extensor carpi radialis
origin: crista subracondylaris lateralis humeri
insertion: ossis tuberocity of the metacarpals 2 and 3
innervation: radialis nerve
function: extension of the carpal joint and flexion of the elbow joint
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the flexor carpi radialis
origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: bases of the metacarpal bones 2 and 3
innervation: medianus nerve
function: flexion of the carpal joint
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the ulnar flexor carpi ulnaris
origin: medial surface of the olecranon
insertion: accessory carpal bone
innervation: ulnaris nerve
function: flexion of forepaw with abduction and also also flexion of carpal joint
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the infraspinatus muscle
origin: fossa infraspinata, scapular spine and caudal border of scapla
insertion: facies muscle, infraspinati tuberculum majus humerus
innervation: suprascapularis nerve
function: lateral rotator and abductor of the humerus and flexor or extensor of the shoulder joint depending on the position of the joint when the muscle contracts
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the lateral digital extensor FL
origin: arises on cranial edge of the latral collateral ligament of the elbow joint and on the later epicondyles of the humerus
insertion: fuses with extensor digitorum muscle and terminates at distal phalanges of digits 3, 4 and 5
innervation: radialis nerve
function: extends carpal and phalangeal joints of 3, 4 and 5, stabailisation
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the pronator teres
origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: medial surface of the radius
innervation: median nerve
function: pronates radioulnar joints and also rotates the forearm so that the dorsal surface of the manus tends to become medial. it may function only as a flexor of the elbow joint
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the superficial digital flexor muscle
origin: medial epicondyl of the humerus
insertion: bases of middle phalanx (p2) of digits 2, 3, 4 and 5
innervation: median nerve
function: flexes carpal and proximal phalangeal joints
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the subscapularis muscle
origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus
innervation: subscapular and axillaris nerve
function: primarily to adduct and extend the shoulder joint and to draw the humerus cranially during flexion of the joint. aids in maintaining flexion and rotates the humerus medially to prevent lateral rotation of the humerus
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the supraspinatus muscle
origin: supraspinata fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve
function: extension of the shoulder joint and advancement of the limb
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the teres major muscle
origin: proximal part caudal border of the scapula
insertion: terminates with the latissimus dorsi muscle on crista lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation: axillaris nerve
function: flexion of the shoulder joint and to draw the humerus caudally
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the trapezius muscle
origin: median raphe over third cervical to ninth thoracic vertebra
insertion: scapular spine
innervation: accessory nerve
function: rotate scapula mediallt and elevate limb
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the triceps lateral head
origin: arises by an aponeurosis on the tricipital line between the tuberosity for the teres minor muscle and the deltoid tuberosity
insertion: olecranon
innervation: radial nerve
function: elbow extension
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the triceps long head
origin: disolateral 2 thirds of the caudal border of the scapula and chiefly by tendon on the infraglenoid tuberosity
insertion: caudal olecranon
innervation: radial nerve
function: elbow extension and shoulder flexion
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the triceps medial head
origin: arises tendinously on the crista tuberculi minoris of the humerus
insertion: olecranon
innervation: radial nerve
function: elbow extension
what is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the ulnaris lateralis
origin: lateral epicondyl of the humerus
insertion: os carpi accessorium and proximal metacarpal 5
innervation: radial nerve
function: acts as a carpal flexor but is also involved in abduction and lateral rotation of the carpal joint
What muscles extend the shoulder
- biceps brachii
- infraspinatous muscle
- subscapularis
- supraspinatus
what muscles flex the shoulder
- Acromial deltoid
- spinous deltoid
- infraspinatis
- subscapularis
- teres major
- tricep brachii long head
what muscles flex the elbow
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- extensor carpi radialis
- pronator teres
what muscles extend the elbow
- anconeus
- tricep brachii (lateral, long and medial)
what muscles flex the carpus
- flexor carpi radialis
- ulnar flexor carpi ulnaris
- superficial digital flexor
- ulnaris lateralis
what muscles extend the carpus
- common digital extensor
- extensor carpi radialis
what muscles extend theb metacarpal
lateral digital extensor
what muscles flex the phlanges
- superficial digital flexor
what musces extend the phalanges of the forelimb
- common digital extensor
- lateral digital extensor
what muscles are in the brachial plexus
- biceps brachii
- coracobrachialis
- pectoralis profundus
- pectoralis superficialis
- ## triceps medial head
what muscles are in the brachial plexus
- biceps brachii
- coracobrachialis
- pectoralis profundus
- pectoralis superficialis
- ## triceps medial head
what nerves are in the brachial plexus
- axillary nerve
- brachiocephalic nerve
- median nerve
- musculocutaneous nerve
- phrenic nerve
- radial nerve
- suprascapular nerve
- ulnar nerve
what muscle(s) does the axillary nerve innervate
- subscapular
- teres major
- teres minor
- deltoids
what muscles does the median nerve innervate
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- superficial digital flexor
- deep digital flexor
what muscle(s) does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate
- biceps brachii
- coracobrachialis
- brachialis
what muscle(s) does the radial nerve innervate
- all extensors of the elbow
- all extensors of the carpus
- all extensors of the digital joints
what are the ligaments of the shoulder joint
lateral and medial glenohumeral ligaments
what are the ligaments of the elbow joint
humeroradialulnar
- collateral ligaments (medial and lateral)
- oblique ligament (runs across the cranial surface of the joint from the humerus to join the medial collateral lig.)
- annular ligament (holds head of radius against the ulna)
what type of joint is the shoulder joint
- acetabular
- synovial
what type of joint is the elbow
- ginglymus (hinge)
- synovial
what type of joint is the carpal joint complex
- synovial
what type of joints are the metacarpalphalangeal joints
- ginglymus
- synovial
what type of joint is the interphalangeal joints
- saddle (sellar)
- synovial
what are some clinically relevant conditions of the shoulder joint
- bicipital bursa can become inflamed due to stresses of exercise or underlying bone pathology
- the joint surfaces are known sites of osteochondrosis is many species
what are some clinically relevent conditions of the elbow joint
- dysplasia
- fragmentation of the medial coronoid process of the ulna
- uninited anconeal process
- osteochondrosis of the medial humeral condyle
all 3 lead to degenerative joint disease if not treated early enough
what are some clinically relevent conditions fo the carpal joint complex
- forced exertion of the carpus can cuase impact damage due to contact between radius and the radiocarpal bones
- fracture of the accessory carpal bone in horses and racing greyhounds
what are some clinically relevant conditions of the metacarpophalangeal joints
- osteochondrosis seen in the distal sagittal ridge of the metacarpus in horses
what are some clinically relevant conditions of the interphalangeal joints
- dislocations are fairly commonin sporting and working dogs
