Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 NMSK > The Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

The Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for

A

unconcious and automatic reactions to the current situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 branches of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • parasympathetic (rest and digest)
  • sympathetic (fight or flight)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what organs have PS nerve supply

A
  • eyes: constrict pupils, accommodates lens to focus close up
  • salivary glands: stimulates secretion
  • Bronchioles: bronchoconstriction
  • Heart: decreases heart rate
  • Blood Vessels: vasodilation in SOME vessles
  • GI tract: increases activity and stimulates secretion
  • Bladder: urination (bladder wall constriction, internal sphincter relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does the Parasympathetic nervous system originate from (outflow)

A
  • the brain (cranial nerves) provides most supply to the organs
  • the sacral region (pelvic nerves) supply to the pelvic organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

complete the sentence: “in the parasympathetic component of the ANS there are _____ pre-ganglionic neurons and ______ post ganglionic neruons”
explain the reason for this

A

In the Parasympathetic component of the ANS there are LONG pre-ganglionic neurons and SHORT post-ganglionic neurons
this is because the ganglia need to be closer to/in the organs they need to innervate. there is no need for the whole body to react quickly when there is parasympathetic tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the main nerves that have a parasympathetic component to them

A
  • CN 3 (oculomotor nerve): pupil constriction and lens adaptation
  • CN 7 (facial nerve): supplies salivary, mucous anf lacrimal glands in the head and neck
  • CN 9 (Glossopharyngeal nerve): supplies the parotid salivary gland
  • CN 10 (Vagus Nerve): smooth muscle of the airways and GI tract and regulates heart rhythm
  • Pelvic and Splenic Nerves: the bladder (detrusor muscle), rectum and reproductive organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are arrows 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 indicate? which are of the sympathet

A
  1. right vagosympathetic trunk
  2. right vagus nerve
  3. recurrent laryngeal nerve
  4. esophagus
  5. middle cervical ganglion
  6. cervicothoracic ganglion
  7. sympathetic trunk
    sympathetic nerves: arrows 7-11
    * arrow 12 is the right phrenic nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what organs have sympathetic supply

A
  • eyes: pupil dialtion
  • bronchioles: bronchodilation
  • heart: increases HR, increases force of contraction
  • blood vessels: vasoconstriction (usually)
  • adrenal glands: secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
  • GI tract: decreases activity
  • bladder: urine retention (bladder wall relaxation and internal sphincter contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the sympathetic component originate from (outflow)

A

the thoracolumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

complete the following sentence: “in the sympathetic component of the ANS there are _____ pre-ganglionic neurons and ______ post ganglionic neruons”
explain the reason for this

A

“in the sympathetic component of the ANS there are SHORT pre-ganglionic neurons and LONG post ganglionic neruons”
this is because the galnglia are close to the CNS and therefore are able to get info from it faster in order to distribute it to lots of different organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the pathways of the sympathetic nervous system

A

after exiting the spinal cord the neurons enter the SYMPATHETIC TRUNK which runs along parallel to the vertebrae
they can then travel to:
- the head via the cranial cervical ganglion
- the neck via the cervicothoracic ganglion
- the thorax via the middle cervical and/or cervicothoracic ganlia
- the abdomen via the splachnic nerves, the coeliac, cranial mesenteric or caudal mesenteric ganglia
- the pelvis via the splanchnic nerve then the caudal mesenteric ganglion

and then onward to their target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which arrow points to the sympathetic trunk

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do arrows 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 indicate

A
  1. vagosympathetic trunk
  2. left common carotid artery
  3. esophagus
  4. middle cervical ganglion
  5. vagus nerve
  6. cardiac sympathetic nerves
  7. cervicothoracic ganglion
  8. sympathetic trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the % compositions of the fibres in the vagus nerve

A

80% sensory fibres (infor from sensory and periphery to brain)
- ear, skin and larynx
gut digestion, pain blood pressure
taste (caudal tongue/cranial larynx)
20% motor fibres (from brain to target organ)
- parasympathetic organs and glands
motor to larynx/pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where in the brain does the vagus nerve originate and what route does it take to exit the cranial cavity

A
  • exits brain as a series of rootlets from the lateral surface of the medulla oblongata
  • exits the cranial cavity via the jugular foramen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what other nerves exit the jugular foramen with the vagus nerve

A

CN 9 and 11

17
Q

What other CN does the vagus nerve pick up fibres from and where are those fibres meant to go

A

Vagus nerve picks up fibres from CN 11 (accessory) which are destined to be in the recurrent laryngeal nerve

18
Q

describe the distribution of the vagus nerve around the body

A

below the base of the skull give off:
- auricular branch - to external acoustic meatus (deep): sensory
- a pharyngeal branch - to pharynx: sensory and motor to pharyngeal muscles
- the cranial laryngeal nerve - to larynx: sensory as far as the glottis, motor to cricothyroid muscle

continuing caudally:
- joins the sympathetic trunk at the cranial cervical ganglion (forming the vagosympathetic trunk

through the thorax:
- enters the thorax at the thoracic inlet
- separates from the sympathetic tract at the middle cervical ganglion
doesnt synpase at the middle cervical ganglion but just keeps on going

In the thorax gives off:
- recurrent laryngeal nerve
- cardiac branches - to cardiac plexus supplying heart
- bronchial branches - to pulmonary plexus supplying the lungs

in the thorax:
- on each side, the vagus divides caudal to the heart into a dorsal and ventral branch
- dorsal branches unitw on the esophagus to form the single dorsal vagal trunk
- ventral branches unite to form the single ventral vagal trunk
- dorsal and ventral trunks pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Abdomen:
- vague
- dorsal vagal trunk supply fibres to coeliac and cranial mesenteric plexus
- ventral vagal trunk provides fibres to gastric and hepatic plexuses

19
Q

what components are there to the vagosympathetic trunk and in which directions do the fibres run

A
  • sympathetic fibres running cranially
  • parasympathetic fibres running cranially (sensory info from receptors/viscera)
  • parasympathetic fibres running caudally (to heart and viscera)
    fibres from CN 11 that will form the recurrent laryngeal nerve (to laryngeal muscles)
20
Q

describe the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A
  • the RLN is a branch of CN 11
  • fibres leave the vagal trunk in the thorax
  • right RLN hooks around the right subclavian artery
  • left RLN hooks around the aortic arch (longer route)
  • fibres from CN 11 are not belonging to vagus
21
Q

list some diseases that involve nerves within the vagosympathetic trunk

A
  • idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (unilateral paralysis of larynx)
  • horners syndrom
  • vagal indigestion
22
Q

describe the pathology of horners syndrome

A
  • damage to the sympathetic trunk nerves within the vagosympathetic trunk (also brain and spinal cord damage can be a cause)
  • usually one sided
  • resulting in loss of supply to smooth muscle on the periorbital tunic and iris dilators
  • signs are enophalmos (globe retracts into orbit due to tone in retractor bulbi mm which allows 3rd eyelid to move into view) and miosis (constricted pupil)
23
Q

describe the pathology of vagal indigestion

A
  • happens in ruminants (mainly cattle)
  • chronic
  • syndrome of rumenoreticular distension
  • four types
  • not acute bloat - it is chronic paralysis with poor motility
  • usually due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis (wire/hardware disease)
  • surgery required depending on the cause

Y1 NMSK (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions