gross anatomy and function of the brain Flashcards
what are the 3 divisions of the brainstem
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
what are the 4 main divisions of the forebrain
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
- rhiencephalon (more developed in animals with a good sense of smell)
what is the frontal lobe involved in
executive functioning
what is the parietal lobe involved in
somatosensation (receives sensory info)
what is the occipital lobe involved in
visual processing
what is the temporal lobe involved in
auditory processing among others
what is the midbrain involved in
- transition between sleep and wake
- eye movement
- etc.
what does the hindbrain consist of
- pons
- medulla oblongata
- cerebellum
what does the forebrain consist of
- cerebrum
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
what are the prinicple structures of the forebrain
- cerebral cortex
- basal ganglia
- limbic system
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
what is the ventricle of the forebrain
lateral and third
what is the ventricle of the midbrainq
cerebral aqueduct
what is the subdivision of the developmental midbrain
mesencephalon
what are the principal structures of the midbrain and what are their functions
Mesencephalon (cerebral aqueduct):
Tectum- visual reflexes, audition
Tegmentum- sleep, arousal, pain, part of motor system
Crus cerebri
Aqueductus mesencephalic
what ventricle is located in the hindbrain
fourth
what are the developmental subdivisions of the hindbrain
- metencephalon
- myencephalon
what are the principal structures located in the hindbrain
- cerebellum
- pons
- medulla oblongata
what is the function of the cerebellum
- control of balance
- co-ordination and timing of postural and locomotor activities
what is the function of the corpus collosum
The major connection between hemispheres, allows communication.
what is the function fo the thalamus
- major relay station for sensory information
- integration of motor information from cerebellum and basal ganglia, before passing on to the motor regions of the cortex
what is the functions of the pons
sleep, arousal
what is the function of the medulla oblongata
heart rate, breathing, blood pressure
what is the function of hypothalamus
- link between the nervous system and endocrine system
- regulatory centre for the ANS
- homeostasis of: appetite, reproduction, thirst, body temp, blood pressure, circadian rhythm, stress response
what is the function of th pituitary gland
- hormonal regulation of many physiological systems
eg: metabolism, growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, etc…
what is the function of the hippocampus
Memory generation, particularly spatial.
what is the function of the cerebral cortex
- planning of movement
- proprioception
- learning
what is the function of the basal ganglia
coordination of movement
what is the function of the limbic system
emotion, learning and memory
what is the function of the tectum tegmentum
- visual reflexes
- audition
- sleep
- arousal
- pain
- part of motor systm
what is the function of the pineal gland
- production of melatonin
- seasonal regulation (sleep/wake cycle, reproduction, fur colour changes)
what do you see in cerebellar diseases
loss of fine tuning of movements of the body
clinical signs include:
- ataxia
- hypermetria (with preservation of strength)
- intention tremor
- broad based stance
what is cerebellar hypoplasia
caused by feline panleucopenia virus
results in an underdeveloped cerebellum (very small)
label
label
