Typical Mobility Flashcards
What is walking
repetitious sequence of lower limbs to move the body forward while transferring weight between lower extremeties and maintaining stability
during walking, _________ enables the body to remain upright and balance even in configurations that would not be possible statically
dynamic equilibrium
what are two factors that challenge walking balance
1 - body is top-heavy (HAT)
2 - walking continually alters segment alignment
what are the two functional units of the body
passenger and locomotor
the passenger units main function is
it’s responsible for it’s own postural integrity
trunk COG lies at ______ and contains _____% of body weight
T11
70
locomotor unit has ____ joints, ______ muscles. Bone segments serve as ________
11
57
levers
the locomotor unit functions to:
translate the passenger in the direction of locomotion
what are the 3 requirements for successful locomotion?
postural control
progression
adaptation
what are the goals of stance phase
1 - generate horizontal forces for forward progression
2 - generate vertical forces for postural control/stability
3 - shock absorption (adaptability)
what are the main goals for swing phase
1 - swing ling advancement for forward progression
2 - position the swing leg for impact (postural control/stability)
3 - foot clearance (adaptability)
what are the two functions of stance and the one function of swing
stance: weight acceptance and single limb support
swing: limb advancement
what do we get with the weight acceptance function
- initial limb stability
- shock attenuation
- preservation of progression
what do we get with single limb support
- progression over and beyond the stationary foot
- limb and trunk stability
what do we get with limb advancement
- accelerate progression
- foot clearance
- limb advancement
- position limb for stance
What phases of the gait cycle belong with the weight acceptance function
initial contact and loading response
what phases of the gait cycle belong with single limb support function
mid stance and terminal stance
what phases of the gait cycle belong to the limb advancement function
pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing
what happens with the heel rocker during forward progression
plantar flexion during loading response
what happens with the ankle rocker during forward progression
controlled lowering of the foot to the floor by eccentric action of dorsi-flexors
what happens with the forefoot rocker during forward progression
plantar flexion in terminal stance/preswing
concentric action of plantar flexors
___________ are joint positions or motions that allow for accomplishment of gait cycle goals
critical events
What are some gait cycle goals?
forward progression
stability
shock absorption
foot clearance
swing limb advancement
position limb to prep for landing
Initial contact critical events
1 - heel strike
2 - set up foot for 1st rocker (forward progression)
loading response critical events
1 - controlled ankle PF
2 - controlled knee flex (shock absorption and stability)
3 - hip stability (stability)
mid-stance critical events
1 - controlled tibia advancement (forward progression)
terminal stance critical events
1 - controlled DF to 10 degrees w/ heel rise on trailing limb (forward progression and stability)
Preswing critical event
1 - ankle PF to 15 (limb advancement)
2 - passive knee flex to 40 (foot clearance)
initial swing critical events
1 - hip flex to 15 (limb advancement)
2 - knee flex to 60 (foot clearance)
mid swing critical event
1 - hip flexion to 25 (limb advancement)
2 - DF to neutral (foot clearance)
terminal swing critical events
1 - knee extension to 5 (limb advancement)
What are some temporospatial descriptors of gait
step width (2.5-12.5cm)
step length(76cm)
step freq/cadence (112.5 step/min)
velocity (1.46m/sec)
T or F: regarding joint kinematics, variability in health and leads to stable outcome parameters
t
T or F, there is more variability in ankle during swing than hip
false, more in hip! Probs because it gives us more adaptability, hip is included in both segments, and DOF of joint is more
net extensor moment is less variable than individual joint moments and this suggests:
a variety of combinations can be used to prevent collapse and control balance
what happens as walking speed slows
- increase stance time
- increase double support time
- increased variability
- increase M/L COM displacement
what is the range of speed we transition from walk to run
1.88-2.07 m/sec
why are peak ankle velocity and acceleration critical events in the walk to run transition
- high activity in DFs close to toe-off, also co-contraction of PFs
- transition to run decreases stress on DFs, shifts work to larger leg muscles
what are the 4 steps in gait initiation
1 - relax PFs
2 - shift in COP (think weird upside down backwards 7)
3 - anterior leg and thigh activation
4 - hams and PFs propel forward
stopping strategies?
- short step to decelerate COM
- 1-2 step response is normal
