Typical Mobility

Question 1

What is walking

Answer 1

repetitious sequence of lower limbs to move the body forward while transferring weight between lower extremeties and maintaining stability

Question 2

during walking, _________ enables the body to remain upright and balance even in configurations that would not be possible statically

Answer 2

dynamic equilibrium

Question 3

what are two factors that challenge walking balance

Answer 3

1 - body is top-heavy (HAT)
2 - walking continually alters segment alignment

Question 4

what are the two functional units of the body

Answer 4

passenger and locomotor

Question 5

the passenger units main function is

Answer 5

it’s responsible for it’s own postural integrity

Question 6

trunk COG lies at ______ and contains _____% of body weight

Answer 6

T11
70

Question 7

locomotor unit has ____ joints, ______ muscles. Bone segments serve as ________

Answer 7

11
57
levers

Question 8

the locomotor unit functions to:

Answer 8

translate the passenger in the direction of locomotion

Question 9

what are the 3 requirements for successful locomotion?

Answer 9

postural control
progression
adaptation

Question 10

what are the goals of stance phase

Answer 10

1 - generate horizontal forces for forward progression
2 - generate vertical forces for postural control/stability
3 - shock absorption (adaptability)

Question 11

what are the main goals for swing phase

Answer 11

1 - swing ling advancement for forward progression
2 - position the swing leg for impact (postural control/stability)
3 - foot clearance (adaptability)

Question 12

what are the two functions of stance and the one function of swing

Answer 12

stance: weight acceptance and single limb support
swing: limb advancement

Question 13

what do we get with the weight acceptance function

Answer 13

• initial limb stability
• shock attenuation
• preservation of progression

Question 14

what do we get with single limb support

Answer 14

• progression over and beyond the stationary foot
• limb and trunk stability

Question 15

what do we get with limb advancement

Answer 15

• accelerate progression
• foot clearance
• limb advancement
• position limb for stance

Question 16

What phases of the gait cycle belong with the weight acceptance function

Answer 16

initial contact and loading response

Question 17

what phases of the gait cycle belong with single limb support function

Answer 17

mid stance and terminal stance

Question 18

what phases of the gait cycle belong to the limb advancement function

Answer 18

pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing

Question 19

what happens with the heel rocker during forward progression

Answer 19

plantar flexion during loading response

Question 20

what happens with the ankle rocker during forward progression

Answer 20

controlled lowering of the foot to the floor by eccentric action of dorsi-flexors

Question 21

what happens with the forefoot rocker during forward progression

Answer 21

plantar flexion in terminal stance/preswing
concentric action of plantar flexors

Question 22

___________ are joint positions or motions that allow for accomplishment of gait cycle goals

Answer 22

critical events

Question 23

What are some gait cycle goals?

Answer 23

forward progression
stability
shock absorption
foot clearance
swing limb advancement
position limb to prep for landing

Question 24

Initial contact critical events

Answer 24

1 - heel strike
2 - set up foot for 1st rocker (forward progression)

Question 25

loading response critical events

Answer 25

1 - controlled ankle PF
2 - controlled knee flex (shock absorption and stability)
3 - hip stability (stability)

Question 26

mid-stance critical events

Answer 26

1 - controlled tibia advancement (forward progression)

Question 27

terminal stance critical events

Answer 27

1 - controlled DF to 10 degrees w/ heel rise on trailing limb (forward progression and stability)

Question 28

Preswing critical event

Answer 28

1 - ankle PF to 15 (limb advancement)
2 - passive knee flex to 40 (foot clearance)

Question 29

initial swing critical events

Answer 29

1 - hip flex to 15 (limb advancement)
2 - knee flex to 60 (foot clearance)

Question 30

mid swing critical event

Answer 30

1 - hip flexion to 25 (limb advancement)
2 - DF to neutral (foot clearance)

Question 31

terminal swing critical events

Answer 31

1 - knee extension to 5 (limb advancement)

Question 32

What are some temporospatial descriptors of gait

Answer 32

step width (2.5-12.5cm)
step length(76cm)
step freq/cadence (112.5 step/min)
velocity (1.46m/sec)

Question 33

T or F: regarding joint kinematics, variability in health and leads to stable outcome parameters

Answer 33

t

Question 34

T or F, there is more variability in ankle during swing than hip

Answer 34

false, more in hip! Probs because it gives us more adaptability, hip is included in both segments, and DOF of joint is more

Question 35

net extensor moment is less variable than individual joint moments and this suggests:

Answer 35

a variety of combinations can be used to prevent collapse and control balance

Question 36

what happens as walking speed slows

Answer 36

• increase stance time
• increase double support time
• increased variability
• increase M/L COM displacement

Question 37

what is the range of speed we transition from walk to run

Answer 37

1.88-2.07 m/sec

Question 38

why are peak ankle velocity and acceleration critical events in the walk to run transition

Answer 38

• high activity in DFs close to toe-off, also co-contraction of PFs
• transition to run decreases stress on DFs, shifts work to larger leg muscles

Question 39

what are the 4 steps in gait initiation

Answer 39

1 - relax PFs
2 - shift in COP (think weird upside down backwards 7)
3 - anterior leg and thigh activation
4 - hams and PFs propel forward

Question 40

stopping strategies?

Answer 40

• short step to decelerate COM
• 1-2 step response is normal