Aging and Mobility Flashcards
what kind of posture do older adults have compared to healthy younger adults
guarded (flexed)wh
what are some temporal/distance factors of aging
decreased velocity
decreased step length
decreased step rate
decreased stride length
increased stride width
what are some kinematic changes of aging
decreased arm swing
decreased hip, knee, ankle flexion
decreased arm swing
decreased dynamic stability in stance
if someone has a walking speed of less than 1 m/s what does that mean
need intervention for fall risk
if someone has a walking speed of less than 0.6 m’s what does that mean
dependence in ADLs and increased likelihood of hospitalization
if someone has a walking speed of less than 0.15 m/s what does that mean
increased likelihood of discharge to SNF
adding a secondary task during fait does what to older adults
increased stride time variability
increased reaction time
compared to young adults and adult non-fallers, what is fallers variability of stride time and swing time
increased - predictive of falls
with aging, how does co-contraction change
increased in thigh and shank (more so in thigh) and was greatest 10% before and first 10% after IC
what stability strategy increases with aging? which one decreases?
hip
ankle
how is joint power in gait affected with aging
decreased PF power after initial contact and push off
decreased power in early/mid/late stance and early swing (quads)
with aging, what kind of exercises can you employ
mod-high intensity strengthening and aerobic exercises
functional task training
what was the effect of 5-22 weeks of task oritented training and exercise on gait
those with less tended to gain more (clinical mobility scores, strength, endurance, gait velocity, less AD, string length increase)
if you only are able to produce 50% of normal torque, what can happen during a trip
swing foot contacts ground, leading to another trip, may need multiple steps to recover
overall short step length and early foot strike of swing leg
what muscles are important for trip recovery
swing leg: hip flexors
stance leg: plantar flexors
with aging, how is trip recovery affected
delayed reactive control in distal muscles (reduced muscle activation and slower rate of development)
during a slip, what do older adults do?
greater trunk and arm responses
delayed onset of contraction -> prolonged activation -> coactivation
comparing stretegy/amplitude of a reaction in a midstance slip to an initial contact slip, what is the difference
adults use the same strategy - which is bad (an IC slip has increased threat, so they aren’t responding enough)
in response to an oily surface, how do older adults react
they don’t lower heel contact velocity using ankle power - which is bad can lead to slips and falls
how does visual sampling change with age
happens less often, but for longer periods
how is obstacle crossing affected with aging
slower approach and crossover
shorter step length
more lateral trunk movement
tends to step on obstacles
in balance impaired older adults, what do they often have difficulty with
gait initiation
gait termination
with decreased strength and balance, what does that lead to in older adults
10x more likely to be severely gait disables
with cog tasks in older adults, how does that affect obstacle avoidance
more obstacle contacts and error rates
what are predictors to fear of falling
reduced walking speed and stride length
anxiety
depression
how is stair climbing affected with aging
larger foot clearance
reliance on vision
how is rising from a bed affected with aging
synchronous lifting patterns
how is sit to stand affected with aging
increased trunk and knee flexion
higher velocity after seat off
longer duration
