Atypical Postural Control

Question 1

Abnormal postural control results from probs in what 3 main areas

Answer 1

motor
sensory/perceptual
cognitive

Question 2

What are the subcategories under problems in motor systems

Answer 2

steady-state balance
reactive balance
anticipatory postural control

Question 3

Steady state balance includes:

Answer 3

alignment
postural sway
functional stability limits
steady-state balance in sitting

Question 4

reactive balance includes:

Answer 4

impaired in-place strategies
reactive balance in sitting
impaired change in support strategies

Question 5

impaired in place strategies (reactive balance) include:

Answer 5

sequencing probs
coactivation
delayed onset of postural responses
probs modifying postural strategies
impaired central set

Question 6

what are 2 categories in which there are probs in sensory/perceptual systems

Answer 6

• sensory probs
• perceptual probs

Question 7

sensory probs affect:

Answer 7

steady state balance
reactive balance
anticipatory balance

Question 8

what are 2 probs with organization that sensory issues lead to?

Answer 8

input deficits
inflexibility

Question 9

perceptual probs affecting postural control alter perceptions of _______-

Answer 9

verticality

Question 10

what are 2 factors concerning perceptions of verticality

Answer 10

• subjective visual vertical (SVV)
• subjective postural vertical (SPV)

Question 11

probs in cognitive systems include:

Answer 11

• balance and falls-self efficacy
• impaired postural stability and DT interference

Question 12

impaired stability causes

Answer 12

• loss of functional independence
• reduces or restricted participation in ADLs
• increased risk for falls

Question 13

Falls are associated with what 3 mobility tasks

Answer 13

• walking
• transfers
• stairs

Question 14

alignment

Answer 14

• weight baring asymmetry in people with stroke
• stooped posture in those with PD

Question 15

postural sway in those with PD

Answer 15

• increase sway area
• increase sway velocity
• increase M/L sway

Question 16

What are 4 factors that affect functional stability limits

Answer 16

• biomechanics of the body
• subjective perceptions
• postural control abilities
• environmental factos

Question 17

what pops are reduced limits of stability found in

Answer 17

MS
PD
Stroke

Question 18

steady state balance in sitting

Answer 18

• good prognostic indicator of outcome after stroke

Question 19

impaired in-place strategy: sequencing probs

Answer 19

normal is distal to prox but those with CP, DS, or cerebellum disorders may response prox to distal

Question 20

impaired in place strategies: coactivation

Answer 20

people with PD coactivate antagonistic muscle around the hip and knee while control group does not

Question 21

impaired in-place strategies: delay activation of postural responses

Answer 21

delays in the onset of postural responses can contribute instability in persons with neurological defect

Question 22

impaired in place strategies: delayed onset of postural responses

Answer 22

the subject who fell had slower onset latencies in the paretic TA and slower responses in both the paretic and nonparetic RF, suggesting poor intralimb coupling

Question 23

impaired in place strategies: probs modifying postural strategies

Answer 23

muscle responses of the person with cerebellar degeneration are hypermetric (larger in amplitude and longer in duration)

Question 24

impaired in place strategies: impaired central set

Answer 24

• inability to change movement strategies quickly to adapt to changes in support surface
• similar muscle activation patterns are seen regardless of the changes in balance task

Question 25

impaired change in support strategies

Answer 25

• people with PD showed a lack of anticipatory lateral weight shift and delayed onset reduces the effectiveness of the lateral stepping strategy
• people with PD took several small steps to recover from the perturbation

Question 26

reactive balance in sitting

Answer 26

• see top down instead of bottom up recruitment order of postural muscles in children wth CP and other types of developmental disorders
• people with stroke may need to reach for support to recover from an unexpected perturbation

Question 27

motor system probs: impaired anticipatory postural control

Answer 27

• control is dependent on previous experience and learning
• inability to activate postural muscles in anticipation of voluntary arm movements has been described in those with neurological pathology

Question 28

normal postural control requires what from sensory/perceptual systems?

Answer 28

sensory integration from visual, SS, and vestibular inputs
coordination of sensory inputs with motor actions

Question 29

what is sensory inflexibility

Answer 29

inability to appropriately select a sense for postural control in environment
people with stroke showed a greater dependency on visual inputs for postural control

Question 30

balance and falls self-efficacy

Answer 30

reflect how confident people are in their ability to do ADLs w/o losing their balance
poor balance and falls self-efficacy are reported in people with stroke

Question 31

impaired postural stability and DT interference

Answer 31

increased RT in people with stroke
reduced ability to maintain balance in people with PD and DCD

Question 32

T or F: postural control deficits have been observed in active pops with MSK injuries

Answer 32

True! Examples:
- ankle injury
- Patellafemoral pain
- LE injury in runners
- after LE joint surgery
- low back pain
- scoliosis