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Motor Control > Sensorimotor Processing > Flashcards

Sensorimotor Processing Flashcards

1
Q

sensory integration

A

the way in which the brain organizes sensation for movement or behavior

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2
Q

sensory weighting refers to ____________ use

A

subsystem

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3
Q

in what way does sensorimotor processing occur?

A

both hierarchically and simultaneously through the nervous system

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4
Q

parallel/distributed processing

A

simultaneous processing of the same information that is spread across networks of neurons

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5
Q

somatosensation encompasses what three things

A

mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and pain information from periphery

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6
Q

what do mechanoreceptors do?

A
  • detect skin stretch and movement
  • proprioceptive feedback
  • stimulus for reflexes
  • grip force adjustment
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7
Q

What do mechanoreceptors afford/allow?

A

accuracy
consistency
movement timing

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8
Q

proprioception describes the afferent information arising from internal peripheral areas of the body that contribute to _____________, ________________, and ____________.

A

postural control, joint stability, and muscle force production

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9
Q

What three things are under proprioception

A
  • kinesthesia
  • joint position sense
  • sense of resistance
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10
Q

what do muscle spindles do?

A
  • muscle length detection (length/velocity/reflex activation)
  • affords spatial and temporal accuracy
  • affords control of discrete movements
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11
Q

ultimately muscle spindles, golgi tendon, and joint receptors contribute to?

A
  • accuracy
  • consistency
  • coordination
  • joint stability
  • movement timing
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12
Q

What do golgi tendon organs do?

A
  • muscle tension detection
  • affords force gradation and dynamic muscle stiffness
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13
Q

T or F: golgi tendon organs are modified by the CNS

A

F: they do not branch to the brain or cortex. they are modulated through descending commands on interneurons

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14
Q

golgi tendon organs provide dynamic muscle __________

A

stiffness

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15
Q

what are joint receptors for?

A
  • joint force and angle detection
    detects force and rot esp at end range
    afferent signals to cortex
    gamma motor activation
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16
Q

What do joint receptors afford?

A
  • awareness in space
  • joint stability
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17
Q

can we improve proprioception with training?

A

debatable. task oriented training and postural control exercises are thought to improve sensory and motor processing which leads to greater proprioceptive acuity

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18
Q

What has poor proprioceptive acuity been linked to?

A

altered coordination and injury

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19
Q

vestibular system acts as a _________ of the head

A

proprioceptor

20
Q

3 functions of the vestibular system

A

1 - visual stabilization
2 - coordination
3 - gravito-inertial frame of reference

21
Q

semicircular canals = ___________ acceleration

A

angular

22
Q

utricle and saccule = ___________ acceleration and_____________ related to gravity

A

linear
position sense

23
Q

vision is used for what kind of control?

A

feedforward and feedback

24
Q

feedforward =
feedback =

A

anticipatory
corrective

25
Q

what are 3 important vision-related concepts critical to motor control?

A

1 - monocular vs binocular
2 - central vs peripheral
3 - 2 visual systems for motor control

26
Q

The movement system operates more effectively when it receives info from both eyes (binocular vision). Why? (3)

A
  • increased end point accuracy
  • increased depth perception
  • greater timing accuracy
27
Q

where is central/focal vision and what does it provide?

A

middle 2-5 degrees of visual field
provides that “what”
- contrast
- form/color
- object recognition

28
Q

where is peripheral vision and what does it provide?

A

200 degrees horizontal and 160 degrees vertical
provides the “where”
- motion vision
- course detail
- helps w/ depth perception
- helps w/ body orientation

29
Q

is central and peripheral vision faster? which one is conscious?

A

peripheral is faster
central is conscious

30
Q

optical flow

A

when our head moves, the visual system detects and used these patterns to detect speed and direction of head motion

31
Q

time to contact (tau)

A

a perceptual variable that refers to time to contact between an object and a person’s eye

32
Q

the LGN contains what 2 types of cells

A

pLGN and mLGN

33
Q

pLGN cells are responsible for?

A

color/contrast
helps with shape and form discrimination

34
Q

mLGN cells are responsible for?

A

movement

35
Q

visual system path

A

retinal ganglion cell
LGN
primary visual cortex

36
Q

the ventral pathway is the _______ and the dorsal pathway is the ________

A

what, where

37
Q

visual selective attention

A

directing visual attention to cues that influence preparation and/or performance

38
Q

visual search

A

process of directing visual attention to locate relevant environmental cues

39
Q

visual search and intended actions

A
  • search for regulatory conditions in the performance environment according to what the intended goal is
  • detect relevant cues during skill performance (esp. novices)
40
Q

gaze fixation

A

“quiet eye” before movement indicates a need for optimal focus on one location or object prior to the execution of the skill

41
Q

4 characteristics of gaze fixation

A

1 - directed to critical location in the performance context
2 - a stable fixation of performer’s gaze
3 - onset occurs just before first movement
4 - duration tends to be longer for skilled performers

42
Q

quiet eye for closed skills

A

final gaze fixation is located on the goal object in the performance (ex - basketball rim)

43
Q

quiet eye for open skills

A

final gaze fixation in on the moving object, which the eye tracks for as long as possible for initiating the requirement movement

44
Q

closed loop control is a _______ based mechanism of motor control

A

feedback
- allows for real time feedback

45
Q

open loop control is a ___________ form of motor control

A

feedforward
- used to control rapid, ballistic movements and does not have real time feedback

46
Q

open loop = _______ processing
closed loop = _________ processing

A

automatic
controlled

47
Q
A

Motor Control (21 decks)

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